Briki Walid, Majed Lina
Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Front Psychol. 2019 Feb 12;10:252. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00252. eCollection 2019.
Several studies have investigated the influence of perceiving colors on affective outcomes and/or performance. However, the effects of seeing colors on self-selected behaviors have received little attention from physiologists and psychologists. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining whether exposure to green and red environments could influence affective judgments, perception of effort, heart rate, and gait speeds when walking and running at a self-selected pace. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions: Green, red, or white (neutral) environment. The experimental task consisted in a 20-min trial of either walking (Study 1) or running (Study 2) at the most comfortable speed on a treadmill surrounded by three large HD TV screens displaying specific properties of the studied colors. Study 1 revealed that walking in a green environment induced a significant reduction in heart rate values as compared to the red and white conditions although no differences in gait speed were found. This corroborates the calming and relaxing effect of green on the human organism. Study 2 showed that running in a green environment was associated with an increased level of perceived exertion at similar speeds (compared to other color conditions), while exposure to red induced a significant decrease in the level of tension. In both studies, the preferred gait speed was not affected by the colored environment which is discussed in relation to the energy-conservation principle. Furthermore, both studies showed that performing a 20-min walk or run at preferred pace presented beneficial mood changes. Implications of the effects of self-selected exercise under colored environments on human functioning are addressed in the discussion.
多项研究调查了感知颜色对情感结果和/或表现的影响。然而，颜色视觉对自我选择行为的影响却很少受到生理学家和心理学家的关注。因此，本研究旨在探讨暴露于绿色和红色环境中，在以自我选择的速度行走和跑步时，是否会影响情感判断、努力感知、心率和步速。参与者被随机分配到三种实验条件之一：绿色、红色或白色（中性）环境。实验任务包括在跑步机上以最舒适的速度进行20分钟的行走（研究1）或跑步（研究2），跑步机周围有三个大型高清电视屏幕，展示所研究颜色的特定属性。研究1表明，与红色和白色条件相比，在绿色环境中行走会使心率值显著降低，尽管步速没有差异。这证实了绿色对人体的镇静和放松作用。研究2表明，在绿色环境中跑步与在相似速度下（与其他颜色条件相比）感知到的运动强度增加有关，而暴露于红色环境会使紧张程度显著降低。在两项研究中，偏好的步速不受颜色环境的影响，这与能量守恒原则相关进行了讨论。此外，两项研究都表明，以偏好的速度进行20分钟的行走或跑步会带来有益的情绪变化。讨论中阐述了在有色环境下自我选择运动对人体机能影响的意义。
