Liu Zhao-Jun, Zhuge Ying, Velazquez Omaida C
The DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of MiamiJackson Memorial Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
J Cell Biochem. 2009 Apr 15;106(6):984-91. doi: 10.1002/jcb.22091.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of stem/progenitor cells with pluripotent capacity to differentiate into mesodermal and non-mesodermal cell lineages, including osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, epithelial cells, and neurons. MSCs reside primarily in the bone marrow, but also exist in other sites such as adipose tissue, peripheral blood, cord blood, liver, and fetal tissues. When stimulated by specific signals, these cells can be released from their niche in the bone marrow into circulation and recruited to the target tissues where they undergo in situ differentiation and contribute to tissue regeneration and homeostasis. Several characteristics of MSCs, such as the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages and the ability to be expanded ex vivo while retaining their original lineage differentiation commitment, make these cells very interesting targets for potential therapeutic use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The feasibility for transplantation of primary or engineered MSCs as cell-based therapy has been demonstrated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the signals that control trafficking and differentiation of MSCs.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是一群异质性的干/祖细胞，具有多能性，能够分化为中胚层和非中胚层细胞谱系，包括骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞、肌细胞、心肌细胞、成纤维细胞、肌成纤维细胞、上皮细胞和神经元。MSCs主要存在于骨髓中，但也存在于其他部位，如脂肪组织、外周血、脐带血、肝脏和胎儿组织。当受到特定信号刺激时，这些细胞可以从骨髓中的龛位释放到循环中，并被募集到靶组织，在那里它们进行原位分化，促进组织再生和内环境稳定。MSCs的几个特性，如分化为多个谱系的潜力以及在体外扩增同时保留其原始谱系分化潜能的能力，使这些细胞成为再生医学和组织工程中潜在治疗用途的非常有吸引力的靶点。已证明将原代或工程化MSCs作为基于细胞的治疗方法进行移植的可行性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前关于控制MSCs迁移和分化的信号的知识。
