Vija L, Farge D, Gautier J-F, Vexiau P, Dumitrache C, Bourgarit A, Verrecchia F, Larghero J
Inserm U697, Paris, France.
Diabetes Metab. 2009 Apr;35(2):85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.10.003. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-haematopoietic progenitor cells that are being explored as a promising new treatment for tissue regeneration. Although their immunomodulatory properties are not yet completely understood, their low immunogenic potential together with their effects on immune response make them a promising therapeutic tool for severe refractory autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. While insulin replacement represents the current therapy for type 1 diabetes, its metabolic control remains difficult, as exogenous insulin cannot exactly mimic the physiology of insulin secretion. Pancreatic or islet transplantation can provide exogenous insulin independence, but is limited by its intrinsic complications and the scarcity of organ donors. In this context, stem cell therapy, based on the generation of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) derived from MSCs, represents an attractive possibility. In this review, we provide a brief characterization of MSC immunomodulatory effects, and present the current experimental evidence for the potential therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation in diabetes.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是多能非造血祖细胞，正作为一种有前景的组织再生新疗法进行研究。尽管其免疫调节特性尚未完全明确，但它们较低的免疫原性潜力以及对免疫反应的影响，使其成为治疗严重难治性自身免疫性疾病的一种有前景的治疗工具。1型糖尿病的特征是T细胞介导的胰腺β细胞自身免疫性破坏。虽然胰岛素替代是目前1型糖尿病的治疗方法，但其代谢控制仍然困难，因为外源性胰岛素不能完全模拟胰岛素分泌的生理过程。胰腺或胰岛移植可以实现外源性胰岛素自主分泌，但受其固有并发症和器官供体稀缺的限制。在这种情况下，基于从间充质干细胞衍生出胰岛素产生细胞（IPCs）的干细胞疗法是一种有吸引力的可能性。在这篇综述中，我们简要描述了间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用，并展示了间充质干细胞移植治疗糖尿病潜在疗效的当前实验证据。
