Judlin P G, Thiebaugeorges O
Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique et reproduction, maternité régionale universitaire de Nancy, 10, rue du Dr-Heydenreich, CS 74213, 54042 Nancy cedex, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2009 Feb;37(2):172-82. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.12.005. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) include salpingitis and endometritis. They usually result from the infection of upper genital tract by pathogens ascending from the cervix or the vagina. Since the clinical signs of uncomplicated forms are frequently mild or misleading, diagnosis require other exams such as microbiology (samples from the cervix and, if applicable, from the pelvis) and laparoscopy. Acute complications (pelvic abscesses, peritonitis) can occur, that call for both surgical drainage and antibiotics. Pelvic sequelae with permanent tubal alterations due to immuno-allergic reactions can also happen, that lead to chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Treatment consists in broad-spectrum antibiotics by oral route, combined with non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs. Atraumatic laparoscopic procedure can also be performed.
盆腔炎性疾病（PID）包括输卵管炎和子宫内膜炎。它们通常是由病原体从宫颈或阴道上行感染上生殖道所致。由于单纯型的临床症状常常较轻或具有误导性，诊断需要进行其他检查，如微生物学检查（取自宫颈的样本，如有必要，还可取自盆腔）和腹腔镜检查。可能会出现急性并发症（盆腔脓肿、腹膜炎），这需要手术引流和使用抗生素。由于免疫过敏反应导致输卵管永久性改变的盆腔后遗症也可能发生，进而导致慢性盆腔疼痛和不孕。治疗方法包括口服广谱抗生素，并联合使用非甾体抗炎药。也可进行无创腹腔镜手术。
