Eeva T, Hakkarainen H, Belskii E
Section of Ecology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
Environ Pollut. 2009 Jun;157(6):1857-61. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.015. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
Survival is one of the most central population measures when the effects of the pollution are studied in natural bird populations. However, only few studies have actually measured rigorous survival estimates on adult birds. In recent years there has been a methodological advance in survival analyses by mark-recapture models. We modelled local survival (including mortality and emigration) with the program MARK in a population of a small insectivorous passerine bird, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), around a point source of heavy metals. The local survival of females in the polluted area was about 50% lower than in the other areas. Males, however, survived relatively well in the heavily polluted area, but showed somewhat lower survival in the moderately polluted area. Different pollution effects between two sexes might be due to pollution-related differences in reproductive effort in females and males, and/or more intensive uptake of heavy metals by laying females.
在研究自然鸟类种群中污染的影响时，存活率是最重要的种群指标之一。然而，实际上只有少数研究对成年鸟类的存活率进行了严格的估算。近年来，通过标记重捕模型进行的生存分析在方法上取得了进展。我们使用MARK程序对一个小型食虫雀形目鸟类——斑姬鹟（Ficedula hypoleuca）在重金属点源附近的种群中的局部存活率（包括死亡率和迁出率）进行了建模。污染区域内雌性的局部存活率比其他区域低约50%。然而，雄性在重度污染区域的存活率相对较好，但在中度污染区域的存活率略低。两性之间不同的污染影响可能是由于雌性和雄性在繁殖投入上与污染相关的差异，和/或产卵雌性对重金属的吸收更强烈。
