Brasch J
Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2009 Mar;60(3):194-6, 198-9. doi: 10.1007/s00105-008-1657-1.
Although the prevalence of contact allergy in children is largely unknown, the most frequent contact allergens in childhood are nickel, fragrances, p-phenylenediamine, thimerosal, preservatives and components of skin care and hygiene products. Children with persistent eczema or otherwise suspected contact allergy should be patch tested. For children, the same preparations of allergens and test techniques can be used as for adults. Patch tests should be done with allergens suggested by history and with a shortened standard series, at best with small Finn-Chambers that are attached for 1 day only. Positive readings need to be assessed with regard to clinical relevance. In children, the treatment of allergic contact dermatitis follows the same principles as in adults. Topical corticosteroids are agents of well proven efficiency whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be applied to the skin because there is of a risk of contact sensitization. For reasons of prophylaxis it is important to avoid potential contact allergens in childhood.
虽然儿童接触性过敏的患病率很大程度上未知，但儿童期最常见的接触性过敏原是镍、香料、对苯二胺、硫柳汞、防腐剂以及护肤品和卫生用品的成分。患有持续性湿疹或以其他方式疑似接触性过敏的儿童应进行斑贴试验。对于儿童，可以使用与成人相同的过敏原制剂和检测技术。斑贴试验应使用根据病史建议的过敏原以及缩短的标准系列进行，最好使用仅粘贴1天的小型芬兰小室。阳性结果需要评估其临床相关性。在儿童中，过敏性接触性皮炎的治疗遵循与成人相同的原则。外用皮质类固醇是已被充分证明有效的药物，而非甾体抗炎药不应应用于皮肤，因为存在接触致敏的风险。出于预防的原因，在儿童期避免潜在的接触性过敏原很重要。
