Long C A, Marin P, Bayer A J, Shetty H G, Pathy M S
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Cardiff Royal Infirmary, West Wing, UK.
Postgrad Med J. 1991 Jul;67(789):643-5. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.67.789.643.
We report a retrospective study of hypernatraemia (serum sodium concentration greater than 150 mmol/l) in an adult in-patient population of a health district during one year. The incidence was 0.3% with at least 60% of cases developing after hospital admission, mainly in elderly patients. Dehydration appeared to be the major cause, with the use of diuretics, depressed conscious level or febrile illness implicated in a majority. Most patients had more than one contributory factor and iatrogenic causes were common. Associated illnesses were often severe and the in-hospital mortality was high (54%) regardless of age. Hypernatraemia in hospitalized patients should be largely avoidable and there is a need for greater awareness of the importance of active maintenance of hydration in susceptible patients.
我们报告了一项针对某健康区成年住院患者人群中高钠血症（血清钠浓度大于150 mmol/L）的回顾性研究。该研究为期一年，发病率为0.3%，至少60%的病例在入院后出现，主要发生在老年患者中。脱水似乎是主要原因，大多数病例与使用利尿剂、意识水平降低或发热性疾病有关。大多数患者有不止一个促成因素，医源性原因很常见。相关疾病往往很严重，无论年龄大小，住院死亡率都很高（54%）。住院患者的高钠血症在很大程度上应该是可以避免的，需要提高对易感患者积极维持水合作用重要性的认识。
