Seo H S, Buschhüter D, Hummel T
Smell & Taste Clinic, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Univ. of Dresden Medical School, Dresden 01307, Germany.
J Food Sci. 2008 Aug;73(6):S273-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00818.x.
The aim of the present study was to investigate how the presence or absence of a verbal label of an odor affects its familiarity or hedonicity. In addition, we wanted to examine how the participants' age or sex influences the effect of odor-label presentation on familiarity and hedonicity. A total of 12 odorants from the "Sniffin' Sticks" odor identification test were presented to 133 participants (50 men and 83 women) with an age range from 5 to 74 y. Familiarity and hedonicity of the odorants were assessed by using a 6-point scoring scale both before and after participants received the odor label. In 5 and 8 odorants, respectively, odor familiarity and hedonicity were significantly different between before and after participants had received the label. Moreover, the relationship between the odor familiarity and hedonicity was different between the situation when participants had an odor label or not. Specifically, in odors that had been perceived as relatively pleasant without a label (orange, cinnamon, lemon, and banana) the correlation between hedonicity and familiarity decreased after the label had been presented. This was the other way around for odors that had been rated as relatively unpleasant when presented without a label (shoe leather, coffee, clove, and fish). Moreover, the odor label effects on the relationship between odor familiarity and hedonicity seemed to be influenced by the participants' age and sex. In conclusion, our results indicate that the relationship between odor familiarity and hedonicity is not always positive, and is influenced by the presence of an odor label and other variables, including the participants' sex, age, and expectations.
本研究的目的是调查气味的语言标签的有无如何影响其熟悉度或愉悦感。此外，我们想研究参与者的年龄或性别如何影响气味标签呈现对熟悉度和愉悦感的影响。将来自“嗅棒”气味识别测试的总共12种气味剂呈现给133名参与者（50名男性和83名女性），年龄范围为5至74岁。在参与者收到气味标签之前和之后，使用6分评分量表评估气味剂的熟悉度和愉悦感。在分别5种和8种气味剂中，参与者收到标签前后的气味熟悉度和愉悦感存在显著差异。此外，参与者有无气味标签的情况下，气味熟悉度和愉悦感之间的关系有所不同。具体而言，在没有标签时被认为相对愉悦的气味（橙子、肉桂、柠檬和香蕉）中，呈现标签后愉悦感与熟悉度之间的相关性降低。对于没有标签时被评为相对不愉快的气味（鞋革、咖啡、丁香和鱼），情况则相反。此外，气味标签对气味熟悉度和愉悦感之间关系的影响似乎受参与者的年龄和性别的影响。总之，我们的结果表明，气味熟悉度和愉悦感之间的关系并不总是呈正相关，并且受气味标签的存在以及包括参与者的性别、年龄和期望在内的其他变量的影响。
