Bontempi Charlotte, Jacquot Laurence, Brand Gérard
Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive - UR481, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
CSGA Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, Dijon, France.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Oct 18;15:764520. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.764520. eCollection 2021.
Odor hedonic evaluation (pleasant/unpleasant) is considered as the first and one of the most prominent dimension in odor perception. While sex differences in human olfaction have been extensively explored, gender effect in hedonic perception appears to be less considered. However, a number of studies have included comparisons between men and women, using different types of measurements (psychophysical, psychophysiological,…). This overview presents experimental works with non-specific and body odors separately presented as well as experimental studies comparing healthy participants patients with psychiatric disorders. Contrary to sensitivity, identification or discrimination, the overall literature tends to prove that no so clear differences occur in odor hedonic judgment between men and women. On the whole, gender effect appears more marked for body than non-specific odors and is almost never reported in psychiatric diseases. These findings are discussed in relation to the processes classically implied in pleasantness rating and emotional processes.
气味享乐评价（愉悦/不愉悦）被认为是气味感知中的首要且最突出的维度之一。虽然人类嗅觉中的性别差异已得到广泛研究，但享乐感知中的性别效应似乎较少被考虑。然而，许多研究已经对男性和女性进行了比较，采用了不同类型的测量方法（心理物理学、心理生理学等）。本综述分别介绍了非特异性气味和体臭的实验研究，以及比较健康参与者和精神疾病患者的实验研究。与敏感性、识别或辨别能力不同，总体文献倾向于证明，男性和女性在气味享乐判断上没有明显差异。总体而言，性别效应在体臭方面比非特异性气味更为明显，而在精神疾病中几乎从未有过相关报道。这些发现将结合愉悦度评级中经典涉及的过程和情感过程进行讨论。
