Shapira Niva, Weill Pierre, Sharon Ossie, Loewenbach Rachel, Berzak Ofer
Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Mar 25;57(6):2249-54. doi: 10.1021/jf8029258.
Farmed fish high in n-6 PUFA may undermine fish nutritional expectations and intake recommendations for n-3 PUFA requirements and exacerbate rather than improve already high n-6/n-3 PUFA diets. Dietary contribution of fish fortification by linseed-based n-3 PUFA was evaluated. Mango tilapia (12 months old) with high n-6 PUFA (21.8 FA%, n-6/n-3 ratio 4.6:1) were fed standard/control (T(C)) or linseed-supplemented (5%, T(5%); 7%, T(7%)) feed for 61 days regular-growth and 120 days stock-growth (to 650 g). Compared to T(C), n-3 PUFA increased in T(5%) 46% and T(7%) 58%; ALA in T(5%) increased 100% and T(7%) 167%; EPA+DHA in T(5%) increased 14% and T(7%) 23% (p < 0.05); n-6 PUFA/LCPUFA were unchanged. T(7%) EPA+DHA 168 mg/100 g of raw fillet is comparable to current American intake and Dietary Reference Intakes; controlled cooking preserved approximately 90% EPA+DHA. n-6/n-3 ratios decreased 16-38% in total PUFA to 2.3:1 and in LCPUFA to 0.61:1. Linseed supplementation could improve tilapia n-3 PUFA/LCPUFA, ameliorating n-3 PUFA scarcity and unexpectedly high fish n-6 PUFA content, potentially making a significant nutritional contribution.
富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的养殖鱼类可能会破坏人们对鱼类营养的期望以及对n-3 PUFA需求的摄入建议，并且会加剧而非改善已然偏高的n-6/n-3 PUFA饮食。对基于亚麻籽的n-3 PUFA强化鱼类的膳食贡献进行了评估。将具有高n-6 PUFA（21.8 FA%，n-6/n-3比例为4.6:1）的芒果罗非鱼（12月龄）投喂标准/对照饲料（T(C)）或添加亚麻籽的饲料（5%，T(5%)；7%，T(7%)），进行61天的常规生长和120天的育肥生长（至650克）。与T(C)相比，T(5%)的n-3 PUFA增加了46%，T(7%)增加了58%；T(5%)的α-亚麻酸（ALA）增加了100%，T(7%)增加了167%；T(5%)的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）+二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）增加了14%，T(7%)增加了23%（p < 0.05）；n-6 PUFA/长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）不变。T(7%)的EPA+DHA含量为168毫克/100克生鱼片，与当前美国人的摄入量和膳食参考摄入量相当；控制烹饪可保留约90%的EPA+DHA。总PUFA中的n-6/n-3比例降低了16 - 38%，降至2.3:1，LCPUFA中的比例降至0.61:1。添加亚麻籽可以改善罗非鱼的n-3 PUFA/LCPUFA，缓解n-3 PUFA的短缺以及鱼类中意外偏高的n-6 PUFA含量，可能会做出重大的营养贡献。
