Benotti Mark J, Trenholm Rebecca A, Vanderford Brett J, Holady Janie C, Stanford Benjamin D, Snyder Shane A
Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193-9954, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Feb 1;43(3):597-603. doi: 10.1021/es801845a.
The drinking water for more than 28 million people was screened for a diverse group of pharmaceuticals, potential endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), and other unregulated organic contaminants. Source water, finished drinking water, and distribution system (tap) water from 19 U.S. water utilities was analyzed for 51 compounds between 2006 and 2007. The 11 most frequently detected compounds were atenolol, atrazine, carbamazepine, estrone, gemfibrozil, meprobamate, naproxen, phenytoin, sulfamethoxazole, TCEP, and trimethoprim. Median concentrations of these compounds were less than 10 ng/L, except for sulfamethoxazole in source water (12 ng/L), TCEP in source water (120 ng/L), and atrazine in source, finished, and distribution system water (32, 49, and 49 ng/L). Atrazine was detected in source waters far removed from agricultural application where wastewater was the only known source of organic contaminants. The occurrence of compounds in finished drinking water was controlled by the type of chemical oxidation (ozone or chlorine) used at each plant. At one drinking water treatment plant, summed monthly concentrations of the detected analytes in source and finished water are reported. Atenolol, atrazine, DEET, estrone, meprobamate, and trimethoprim can serve as indicator compounds representing potential contamination from other pharmaceuticals and EDCs and can gauge the efficacy of treatment processes.
对超过2800万人的饮用水进行了筛查,检测了多种药物、潜在的内分泌干扰化合物(EDC)以及其他未受监管的有机污染物。在2006年至2007年期间,对来自美国19家水务公司的原水、成品饮用水和配水系统(水龙头)水进行了51种化合物的分析。11种最常检测到的化合物为阿替洛尔、阿特拉津、卡马西平、雌酮、吉非贝齐、甲丙氨酯、萘普生、苯妥英、磺胺甲恶唑、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)和甲氧苄啶。除原水中的磺胺甲恶唑(12纳克/升)、原水中的TCEP(120纳克/升)以及原水、成品水和配水系统水中的阿特拉津(32、49和49纳克/升)外,这些化合物的中位浓度均低于10纳克/升。在远离农业应用的原水中检测到了阿特拉津,而废水是已知唯一的有机污染物来源。成品饮用水中化合物的出现情况受各水厂所采用的化学氧化类型(臭氧或氯)控制。在一家饮用水处理厂,报告了原水和成品水中每月检测到的分析物的总浓度。阿替洛尔、阿特拉津、避蚊胺、雌酮、甲丙氨酯和甲氧苄啶可作为指示化合物,代表其他药物和EDC的潜在污染,并可衡量处理过程的效果。