Taub Pam R, Daniels Lori B, Maisel Alan S
University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103-8411, USA.
Heart Fail Clin. 2009 Apr;5(2):169-75. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2008.11.009.
Pulmonary congestion can be challenging to diagnose because of nonspecific symptoms and the blunt nature of physical examination and radiographic findings. Assessing for euvolemia following treatment of congestion also can be difficult but can improve both the inpatient and outpatient care of patients who have heart failure. Tools such as the natriuretic peptides are important adjuncts to the physical examination and chest radiographs and often obviate the need for invasive hemodynamic assessment.
由于症状不具特异性，体格检查和影像学检查结果也较为模糊，肺充血的诊断可能具有挑战性。评估充血治疗后的血容量正常情况也可能很困难，但这可以改善心力衰竭患者的住院和门诊护理。利钠肽等工具是体格检查和胸部X光片的重要辅助手段，常常无需进行有创血流动力学评估。
