Muretta Joseph M, Mastick Cynthia Corley
Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Vitam Horm. 2009;80:245-86. doi: 10.1016/S0083-6729(08)00610-9.
Insulin stimulates glucose storage and metabolism by the tissues of the body, predominantly liver, muscle and fat. Storage in muscle and fat is controlled to a large extent by the rate of facilitative glucose transport across the plasma membrane of the muscle and fat cells. Insulin controls this transport. Exactly how remains debated. Work presented in this review focuses on the pathways responsible for the regulation of glucose transport by insulin. We present some historical work to show how the prevailing model for regulation of glucose transport by insulin was originally developed, then some more recent data challenging this model. We finish describing a unifying model for the control of glucose transport, and some very recent data illustrating potential molecular machinery underlying this regulation. This review is meant to give an overview of our current understanding of the regulation of glucose transport through the regulation of the trafficking of Glut4, highlighting important questions that remain to be answered. A more detailed treatment of specific aspects of this pathway can be found in several excellent recent reviews (Brozinick et al., 2007 Hou and Pessin, 2007; Huang and Czech, 2007;Larance et al., 2008 Sakamoto and Holman, 2008; Watson and Pessin, 2007; Zaid et al., 2008)One of the main objectives of this review is to discuss the results of the experiments measuring the kinetics of Glut4 movement between subcellular compartments in the context of our emerging model of the Glut4 trafficking pathway.
胰岛素刺激身体组织（主要是肝脏、肌肉和脂肪）进行葡萄糖储存和代谢。肌肉和脂肪中的葡萄糖储存很大程度上受葡萄糖通过肌肉和脂肪细胞质膜的易化转运速率控制。胰岛素控制这种转运。具体机制仍存在争议。本综述中展示的研究聚焦于胰岛素调节葡萄糖转运的相关途径。我们先介绍一些早期研究，以说明胰岛素调节葡萄糖转运的主流模型最初是如何建立的，接着展示一些质疑该模型的最新数据。最后我们描述了一个统一的葡萄糖转运控制模型，以及一些最新数据，这些数据揭示了该调节潜在的分子机制。本综述旨在概述我们目前对通过调节Glut4转运来调控葡萄糖转运的理解，同时突出一些有待解答的重要问题。关于该途径特定方面的更详细论述可参考近期几篇优秀综述（Brozinick等人，2007年；Hou和Pessin，2007年；Huang和Czech，2007年；Larance等人，2008年；Sakamoto和Holman，2008年；Watson和Pessin，2007年；Zaid等人，2008年）。本综述的主要目标之一是在我们新出现的Glut4转运途径模型背景下，讨论测量Glut4在亚细胞区室间移动动力学的实验结果。
