Endobronchial valves for the treatment of emphysema.

Although lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) improves quality of life, pulmonary function, exercise ability, and even survival for selected patients, several bronchoscopic procedures are being developed to reduce the morbidity and mortality. For heterogeneous emphysema, bronchial blockers, bronchial valves, and biologic glue have been used in an attempt to emulate volume reduction. So far, the results are encouraging, though not as significant as LVRS. For homogeneous emphysema, airway bypass stents seem to be effective. This article reviews the results for the current procedures under investigation.