Morin Catherine
Inserm U731 ; UPMC, Paris 6 ; Médecine physique et réadaptation, Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris.
Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2009 Mar;7(1):21-9. doi: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0156.
The sense of personal identity is an element of the Jasperian definition of self-conscience. Each of us is convinced of being a unique and stable individual, different from other individuals. These properties - stability ad coherence - belong to an image of ourselves that was proposed to us by the Other's look during the mirror phase. Brain focal lesions may threaten this certitude in two ways: 1) brain lesions result in deficiency, disability or handicap, which are experienced as a narcissistic injury. The patient questions himself about the image he offers to the Other's look, and, as a result, his sense of personal identity is unsettled; 2) a variety of focal brain lesions or dysfunctions may alter the activity of areas which are necessary for maintaining a stable image of the patients' body or self. This may lead patients to experience depersonalisation, autoscopy, somatoparaphrenic "delusions" or disturbed agency. The sense of personal identity may be disturbed during brief paroxystic or psychologically traumatic phenomena. However, this is not observed in chronic sequelae of brain lesions (e.g. right hemisphere syndrome or amnesic syndrome), even though the patients may present a broken up image of themselves.
个人身份感是雅斯贝尔斯关于自我意识定义的一个要素。我们每个人都坚信自己是一个独特且稳定的个体，与其他个体不同。这些特性——稳定性和连贯性——属于在镜像阶段由他人的目光向我们提议的自我形象。脑部局灶性病变可能以两种方式威胁这种确定性：1）脑部病变导致缺陷、残疾或障碍，这些被体验为一种自恋性损伤。患者会质疑自己向他人目光所呈现的形象，结果，他的个人身份感就会动摇；2）各种局灶性脑部病变或功能障碍可能会改变维持患者身体或自我稳定形象所必需区域的活动。这可能导致患者体验到人格解体、自体幻视、躯体妄想或能动性障碍。个人身份感可能在短暂的发作性或心理创伤性现象中受到干扰。然而，在脑部病变的慢性后遗症（如右半球综合征或遗忘综合征）中并未观察到这种情况，尽管患者可能呈现出破碎的自我形象。
