Miles J W, Barrett G R
Department Sports Medicine, Sharp Rees-Steely Medical Group, San Diego, California.
Sports Med. 1991 Jul;12(1):66-9. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199112010-00005.
Rib fractures are the most common serious injury of the chest. They occur most commonly in the middle and lower ribs with blunt trauma, and also with direct force to a small area of the chest wall and violent muscle contractions. Diagnosis is generally not difficult. The athlete should have a chest x-ray to confirm the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis includes severe rib contusion, costochondral separations, muscle strains and pneumothorax. If no internal problems exist, treatment consists of ice, NSAIDs, analgesics and a rib belt or tape. Healing should be well on its way before a return to sports. Fractures of the first 4 ribs or the last 2 ribs, multiple fractures and flail segments are less benign than other fractures, and may result in injury to surrounding structures. First rib and floating rib fractures are uniquely athletic fractures; they are avulsion fractures caused by a sudden vigorous contraction in different directions of pull.
肋骨骨折是胸部最常见的严重损伤。它们最常发生在中下部肋骨，由钝性创伤引起，也可由胸壁小面积的直接外力和剧烈的肌肉收缩导致。诊断一般不难。运动员应进行胸部X光检查以确诊。鉴别诊断包括严重的肋骨挫伤、肋软骨分离、肌肉拉伤和气胸。如果没有内部问题，治疗包括冰敷、非甾体抗炎药、镇痛药以及肋骨带或胶布。在恢复运动之前，骨折应已顺利愈合。第1至4肋或最后2肋骨折、多根骨折和连枷胸段比其他骨折的情况更严重，可能会导致周围结构受损。第一肋骨和浮肋骨折是典型的运动性骨折；它们是由不同方向的突然剧烈收缩牵拉引起的撕脱性骨折。
