Holden D L, Jackson D W
Am J Sports Med. 1985 Sep-Oct;13(5):342-8. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300509.
Stress fractures of the lower ribs related to sports are rare. Fractures of the ribs related to rowing sports have not been reported. We have documented seven cases of stress fractures of the lower ribs in female athletes; four were elite rowers and three were engaged in tennis, golf, and gymnastics. Each athlete was initially seen and treated elsewhere for muscular strain. All athletes presented with pain in the posterolateral thorax in and around the scapula. The time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis ranged from 2 to 6 months. Bone scans were used to document the fractures when roentgenograms were equivocal. Each athlete responded to a 4 to 8 week period of rest or training modification. Biomechanical analysis of the forces across the ribs demonstrates that these fractures tend to occur along the posterolateral segment where the bending stresses on the rib are greatest. The predominant muscle forces are generated by the forced couple of scapular retraction and protraction acting through the serratus anterior. We postulate that inadequate strength and resistance training background in women is the cause for the apparent increased susceptibility of women to these skeletal injuries.
与运动相关的下肋骨应力性骨折较为罕见。与划船运动相关的肋骨骨折尚未见报道。我们记录了7例女性运动员下肋骨应力性骨折的病例；其中4例是优秀赛艇运动员，3例从事网球、高尔夫和体操运动。每位运动员最初均因肌肉拉伤在其他地方就诊和接受治疗。所有运动员均表现为肩胛周围后外侧胸部疼痛。从症状出现到诊断的时间为2至6个月。当X线片结果不明确时，采用骨扫描来记录骨折情况。每位运动员经过4至8周的休息或调整训练后均有好转。对肋骨受力的生物力学分析表明，这些骨折往往发生在肋骨弯曲应力最大的后外侧段。主要的肌肉力量是由通过前锯肌作用的肩胛后缩和前伸的力偶产生的。我们推测，女性力量和阻力训练背景不足是女性对这些骨骼损伤易感性明显增加的原因。
