Kruk Joanna
Institute of Physical Education, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Mar;27(5):437-45. doi: 10.1080/02640410802668510.
Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, although research findings are inconsistent regarding the type, duration, intensity, and frequency of activities that are necessary to reduce the risk, as well as dependence on menopausal status. To address these issues, I examined the effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk among 858 Polish invasive breast cancer cases and 1085 controls. Data on components of lifetime household, occupational, and recreational activities were collected in 2003-2007, using a self-administered questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analyses and a full assessment of confounding variables. For all types of physical activity, odds ratios were calculated for self-reported and compendium-based assigned levels of activity. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity total and recreational activities, as well as moderate- and long-lasting low-intensity household activities, lowered the risk by at least 44% for the highest versus lowest quartiles of activity in both menopausal groups. The associations were linear (P(trend) < or = 0.009). There was a suggestion of a risk reduction for occupational activity among post-menopausal women. These findings show that a risk reduction can be achieved by vigorous-intensity activities or by longer-lasting activities of moderate-intensity.
体育活动与较低的乳腺癌风险相关，尽管关于降低风险所需的活动类型、持续时间、强度和频率以及对绝经状态的依赖性，研究结果并不一致。为了解决这些问题，我研究了858例波兰浸润性乳腺癌病例和1085名对照者中体育活动对乳腺癌风险的影响。2003年至2007年期间，使用自填式问卷收集了关于一生的家庭、职业和娱乐活动组成部分的数据。使用无条件逻辑回归分析和对混杂变量的全面评估来估计具有95%置信区间的比值比。对于所有类型的体育活动，针对自我报告的和基于纲要指定的活动水平计算比值比。在两个绝经组中，高强度和中等强度的总体及娱乐活动，以及中等强度且持续时间长的低强度家庭活动，对于活动最高四分位数与最低四分位数而言，可将风险降低至少44%。这些关联是线性的（P趋势≤0.009）。绝经后女性的职业活动有降低风险的迹象。这些发现表明，通过高强度活动或持续时间更长的中等强度活动可以实现风险降低。
