Ranger Christopher M, Reding Michael E, Oliver Jason B, Moyseenko James J, Youssef Nadeer N
Application Technology Research Unit, Horticultural Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Feb;102(1):304-8. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0140.
The toxicity of eight botanically based biopesticides was evaluated against third instars of the scarab larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Popillia japonica Newman, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, and Cyclocephala borealis Arrow. Soil dip bioassays were used to obtain concentration-mortality data 7 d after treatment of larvae, leading to the calculation of LC50 and LC90 values. A wide range in LC50 and LC90 values were exhibited among the formulations. The product Armorex was one of the most active formulations against P. japonica (LC50 = 0.42 ml/liter), R. majalis (LC50 = 0.48 ml/liter), A. orientalis (LC50 = 0.39 ml/liter), and C. borealis (LC50 = 0.49 ml/liter). Armorex is composed of extracts from diverse botanical sources, including 84.5% sesame oil, 2.0% garlic oil, 2.0% clove oil, 1.0% rosemary oil, and 0.5% white pepper extracts. The product Azatin, composed of 3% azadirachtin, also exhibited high toxicity to P. japonica (LC50 = 1.13 ml/liter), R. majalis (LC50 = 0.81 ml/liter), and A. orientalis (LC50 = 1.87 ml/liter). Veggie Pharm is composed of extracts from diverse sources, but this product showed the lowest toxicity to P. japonica (LC50 = 35.19 ml/liter), R. majalis (LC50 = 62.10 ml/liter), A. orientalis (LC50 = 43.76 ml/liter), and C. borealis (LC50 = 50.24 ml/liter). These results document the potential for botanical formulations to control white grubs, but blending extracts from diverse botanical sources does not ensure enhanced biological activity.
评估了八种植物源生物农药对金龟子幼虫（鞘翅目：金龟科）日本丽金龟Popillia japonica Newman、毛喙丽金龟Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky)、铜绿异丽金龟Anomala orientalis Waterhouse和北方弧丽金龟Cyclocephala borealis Arrow三龄幼虫的毒性。采用土壤浸蘸生物测定法，在处理幼虫7天后获取浓度-死亡率数据，进而计算半数致死浓度（LC50）和90%致死浓度（LC90）值。各制剂的LC50和LC90值范围差异很大。Armorex产品是对日本丽金龟（LC50 = 0.42毫升/升）、毛喙丽金龟（LC50 = 0.48毫升/升）、铜绿异丽金龟（LC50 = 0.39毫升/升）和北方弧丽金龟（LC50 = 0.49毫升/升）活性最高的制剂之一。Armorex由多种植物源提取物组成，包括84.5%的芝麻油、2.0%的大蒜油、2.0%的丁香油、1.0%的迷迭香油和0.5%的白胡椒提取物。由3%印楝素组成的Azatin产品对日本丽金龟（LC50 = 1.13毫升/升）、毛喙丽金龟（LC50 = 0.81毫升/升）和铜绿异丽金龟（LC50 = 1.87毫升/升）也表现出高毒性。Veggie Pharm由多种来源的提取物组成，但该产品对日本丽金龟（LC50 = 35.19毫升/升）、毛喙丽金龟（LC50 = 62.10毫升/升）、铜绿异丽金龟（LC50 = 43.76毫升/升）和北方弧丽金龟（LC50 = 50.24毫升/升）的毒性最低。这些结果证明了植物制剂防治蛴螬的潜力，但将多种植物源提取物混合并不能确保增强生物活性。
