Koriem Khaled M M
Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia.
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Oct;3(10):834-40. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60165-3. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
Oleum azadirachti consists of the oil obtained from dried seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (family: Meliaceae). Local names of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. are Abodua, aforo-oyinbo, anwe egyane, arista, azad dirakht, azadarakht, azedarach and bead tree. Indigenous to India, and widely distributed in South and South-East Asia and cultivated in Africa, the South Pacific Islands, South and Central America and Australia, and in southern Florida and California, United States of America, it is a straight-boled deciduous tree, which is 6-25 m high. Bark is dark-brown, externally fissured with a buff inner surface and fibrous fracture. Leaves alternately arranged, pinnately compound and up to 40 cm long, and composed of 8-18 short-petiolate narrow-ovate, pointed and curved toothed leaflets, 3-10 cm long and 1-4 cm wide arranged in alternate pairs. The major constituents are oxidized tetranortriterpenes including azadirachtin (azadirachtin A), azadiriadione, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone, nimbidin, nimbin, deacetylnimbin, salannin, gedunin, mahmoodin, 17-hydroxydiradione and related derivatives. It is of various medicinal uses, such as a contraceptive for intravaginal use, a mosquito repellent, and treatment of vaginal infections, treatment of gastric ulcers, cardiovascular disease, malaria, rheumatism and skin disorders, external applications for treatment of septic wounds, ulcers and boils, treatment of allergic skin reactions, asthma, bruises, colic, conjunctivitis, dysmenorrhoea, fever, gout, headache, itching due to varicella, kidney stones, leukorrhoea, psoriasis, scabies, sprains and muscular pain, and wounds. It is also used as an emmenagogue, tonic, stomatic and vermicide. In conclusion, the plant oil had antifertility, antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiulcer, estrogenic, immune, contraceptive, antibacterial, insect repellent, and skin treatment effects.
印楝油由从印楝（楝科）干燥种子中提取的油制成。印楝的当地名称有阿博杜阿、阿福罗-奥因博、安韦埃贾内、阿里斯塔、阿扎迪拉克特、阿扎达拉赫特、阿泽达拉赫和苦楝树。它原产于印度，广泛分布于南亚和东南亚，并在非洲、南太平洋诸岛、南美洲和中美洲以及澳大利亚种植，在美国佛罗里达州南部和加利福尼亚州也有种植，是一种树干笔直的落叶乔木，高6至25米。树皮呈深褐色，外部有裂缝，内表面浅黄色且有纤维状断面。叶子互生，羽状复叶，长达40厘米，由8至18片具短叶柄的窄卵形、尖形且边缘弯曲呈锯齿状的小叶组成，小叶长3至10厘米，宽1至4厘米，成对互生排列。主要成分是氧化四环三萜类化合物，包括印楝素（印楝素A）、印楝二酮、环氧印楝二酮、印楝酮、尼姆比丁、尼姆宾、去乙酰尼姆宾、萨兰宁、格杜宁、马哈穆丁、17-羟基二氢印楝二酮及相关衍生物。它有多种药用用途，如用作阴道内使用的避孕药、驱蚊剂，治疗阴道感染、胃溃疡、心血管疾病、疟疾、风湿病和皮肤病，外用治疗化脓性伤口、溃疡和疖子，治疗过敏性皮肤反应、哮喘、瘀伤、绞痛、结膜炎、痛经、发烧、痛风、头痛、水痘引起的瘙痒、肾结石、白带、牛皮癣、疥疮、扭伤和肌肉疼痛以及伤口。它还用作通经药、滋补剂、健胃剂和驱虫剂。总之，这种植物油具有抗生育、降血糖、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗溃疡、雌激素样、免疫、避孕、抗菌、驱虫和皮肤治疗作用。
