Macedo Tulio B, Peterson Robert K D, Weaver David K, Ni Xinzhi
University of California Cooperative Extension, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 328 Madera Ave., Madera, CA 93637-5465, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Feb;102(1):412-21. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0154.
The impact of feeding injury by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on susceptible and resistant wheat, Triticum aestivum L., near-isogenic lines 'Tugela' (susceptible), Tugela-Dn1 (antibiotic), Tugela-Dn2 (tolerant), and Tugela-Dn5 (antixenotic) was evaluated by assessing photosynthetic parameters. Photosynthesis and closely related parameters, pigment composition, and nonstructural carbohydrates were measured at 1, 3, and 9 d after aphids were introduced on plants maintained under greenhouse conditions. Overall, R. padi had a higher reproductive capacity within a period of 9 d compared with D. noxia on all lines except Tugela-Dn2. Although the visible injury symptoms associated with aphid injury can be highly species specific, the data indicate that photosynthetic reduction is a common physiological pattern of wheat response to aphid feeding, irrespective of chlorosis elicitation. Although both aphids negatively affected net photosynthesis, D. noxia had a greater impact than R. padi, even when aphid numbers were considerably fewer for D. noxia (100-150 aphids per plant) compared with R. padi (> 200 aphids per plant). The photosynthetic pigment and carbohydrate data suggest that the initial net photosynthesis reduction elicited by aphid feeding may not be directly related to the light reaction portion of the photosynthetic pathway via pigment losses. It is also unlikely that source-sink manipulation is the primary cause for the observed short-term inhibition of photosynthesis.
通过评估光合参数，研究了俄罗斯小麦蚜（Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)，半翅目：蚜科）和禾谷缢管蚜（Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)，半翅目：蚜科）对感病和抗病小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）近等基因系‘图盖拉’（感病）、图盖拉 - Dn1（抗生性）、图盖拉 - Dn2（耐害性）和图盖拉 - Dn5（抗生性）的取食伤害影响。在温室条件下将蚜虫接种到植株上后的第1、3和9天，测定了光合作用及密切相关参数、色素组成和非结构性碳水化合物。总体而言，在除图盖拉 - Dn2之外的所有品系上，禾谷缢管蚜在9天内的繁殖能力均高于俄罗斯小麦蚜。尽管与蚜虫取食相关的可见伤害症状具有高度的物种特异性，但数据表明光合速率降低是小麦对蚜虫取食反应的一种常见生理模式，与黄化诱导无关。尽管两种蚜虫均对净光合作用产生负面影响，但俄罗斯小麦蚜的影响大于禾谷缢管蚜，即便俄罗斯小麦蚜的数量（每株100 - 150头蚜虫）比禾谷缢管蚜（每株> 200头蚜虫）少得多。光合色素和碳水化合物数据表明，蚜虫取食引发的初始净光合作用降低可能与光合途径中通过色素损失的光反应部分没有直接关系。源 - 库调控也不太可能是观察到的光合作用短期抑制的主要原因。
