Schlienger Jean-Louis, Pradignac Alain
Hôpital de Hautepierre, service de médecine inteme et nutrition, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
Rev Prat. 2009 Jan 20;59(1):61-5.
Chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, macrovascular disease including coronaropathy and stroke, osteoporosis and various cancer have, in one way or another, food and nutritional determinants and may be considered as nutritionally or environmental-related diseases. There is a growing literature indicating that specific dietary constituents or diet are able to influence the development and the outcome of chronic disease. Long term prospective clinical trials are yet locking to confirm on evidences-based medicine criteria the correlation described between food and disease. However animal as well as epidemiological data suggest that high energy density and low nutrient density which characterized diet in developed countries are the main targets that must be fight. On the basis of current researches, Mediterranean diet seemed to be the best and the more applicable diet in order to have optimal health. Such a diet low in calories and saturated fat and high in fruit and vegetables and in whole grain should become a key composant for reduce the oxidant, inflammatory, atherogenic, mutagenic and hyperinsulinic status and then prevent or delay chronic diseases.
肥胖、糖尿病、包括冠心病和中风在内的大血管疾病、骨质疏松症以及各种癌症等慢性病，都或多或少存在食物和营养方面的决定因素，可被视为营养或环境相关疾病。越来越多的文献表明，特定的饮食成分或饮食能够影响慢性病的发展和转归。长期前瞻性临床试验仍在根据循证医学标准来证实食物与疾病之间所描述的相关性。然而，动物实验以及流行病学数据表明，发达国家饮食所具有的高能量密度和低营养密度是必须应对的主要目标。基于目前的研究，地中海饮食似乎是实现最佳健康状态的最佳且最适用的饮食。这种低热量、低饱和脂肪、高水果、蔬菜和全谷物的饮食应成为降低氧化、炎症、动脉粥样硬化、诱变和高胰岛素状态进而预防或延缓慢性病的关键组成部分。
