Holzgreve W, Westendorp J, Tercanli S, Schneider H P
Zentrum für Frauenheilkunde, Westf. Wilhelms-Universität Münster.
Ultraschall Med. 1991 Jun;12(3):99-110. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1003979.
An ultrasound evaluation of the pregnancy in the first trimester is very helpful because no other method can better answer questions about the viability of the embryo, the true gestational age, the presence of an ectopic pregnancy and developmental anomalies at this early stage. Especially the introduction of vaginal sonography meant considerable progress in this area. Now there are normal growth curves available based on longitudinal measurements for the yolk sac, the amniotic and chorionic cavity and the crown-rump length. Significant deviations from these normal curves are suggestive of genetic anomalies of the developing child. Of these anomalies, detectable in the first trimester, especially the nuchal edema is associated with a high rate of chromosomal abnormalities. The fact that the gestational age can better be determined in the first trimester than in the later course of pregnancy is a strong argument for the introduction of routine ultrasound screening within the first twelve weeks of pregnancy.
孕早期进行超声评估非常有帮助，因为没有其他方法能更好地回答有关胚胎存活能力、实际孕周、异位妊娠的存在以及此早期阶段发育异常的问题。尤其是阴道超声的引入意味着该领域取得了重大进展。现在有基于对卵黄囊、羊膜腔和绒毛膜腔以及头臀长度的纵向测量得出的正常生长曲线。与这些正常曲线有显著偏差提示发育中胎儿的遗传异常。在孕早期可检测到的这些异常中，尤其是颈部水肿与高染色体异常率相关。与妊娠后期相比，孕早期能更好地确定孕周这一事实是在妊娠头十二周内引入常规超声筛查的有力论据。
