Sandelowski Margarete, Barroso Julie, Voils Corrine I
School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Health Care Women Int. 2009 Apr;30(4):273-88. doi: 10.1080/07399330802694880.
The layering of HIV-related stigma with stigmas associated with gender, race, and class poses a methodological challenge to those seeking to understand and, thereby, to minimize its negative effects. In this meta-study of 32 reports of studies of stigma conducted with HIV-positive women, we found that gender was hardly addressed despite the all-female composition of samples. Neither sexual orientation nor social class received much notice. Race was the dominant category addressed, most notably in reports featuring women in only one race/ethnic group. The relative absence of attention to these categories as cultural performances suggests the recurring assumption that sample inclusiveness automatically implies the inclusion of gender, race, and class, which is itself a cultural performance.
将与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱感与与性别、种族和阶级相关的耻辱感叠加在一起，给那些试图理解并进而尽量减少其负面影响的人带来了方法上的挑战。在这项对32份针对艾滋病毒阳性女性进行的耻辱感研究报告的元研究中，我们发现，尽管样本全部由女性组成，但性别问题几乎未得到探讨。性取向和社会阶层也都没有受到太多关注。种族是主要探讨的类别，在仅以一个种族/族裔群体的女性为研究对象的报告中最为明显。对这些作为文化表现形式的类别相对缺乏关注，这表明一种反复出现的假设，即样本的包容性自动意味着包含了性别、种族和阶级，而这本身就是一种文化表现。
