Berends I M G A, Holzhauer M, van der Giessen J W B, van Schaik G
Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren (GD), Postbus 9, 7400 AA Deventer, Nederland.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 2009 Feb 1;134(3):104-9.
Echinococcus granulosus is rare in The Netherlands and most human patients originate from southern Europe and Africa, where E. granulosus is still endemic in sheep, cattle, and pigs. Since the accession of some south-eastern European countries to the European Union, a large number of cattle have been imported from this area, according to national import data. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of re-introduction of E. granulosus in The Netherlands via the import of cattle from these endemic areas. The number of infected imported cattle was determined by correcting the number of imported cattle with the national animal prevalence of E. granulosus in the country of origin. In 2007, the number of imported E. granulosus-infected cattle varied from 0 (Cyprus) to 4,934 (Romania, accounting for 90% of all positive cattle). The likelihood of detecting E. granulosus at slaughter is low--we assumed, based on confirmed cases, that only 10% of infected cattle will be detected during visual inspection at slaughter. In 2007, 542 infected cattle were probably culled in The Netherlands (assuming that cattle younger than 3 months were not infected). Since the lungs and livers of cattle approved for human consumption may be processed into dog food, there is a risk that dogs that eat E. granulosus-containing dog food may become infected and in turn infect humans. On the basis of a model that assumed that only cattle older than 3 months at the moment of importation were a risk, 23 dogs may have been exposed to E. granulosus in 2007. To reduce the risk of importing E. granulosus, measures should be taken, such as declaring the lungs and livers of Romanian cattle unfit for human consumption and banning the use of infected raw lung and liver in dog food.
细粒棘球绦虫在荷兰较为罕见，大多数人类患者来自南欧和非洲，在那里细粒棘球绦虫在绵羊、牛和猪中仍然流行。根据国家进口数据，自一些东南欧国家加入欧盟以来，大量牛从该地区进口。本研究的目的是确定通过从这些流行地区进口牛而将细粒棘球绦虫重新引入荷兰的风险。通过用原产国细粒棘球绦虫的国家动物患病率校正进口牛的数量来确定感染的进口牛的数量。2007年，进口的感染细粒棘球绦虫的牛数量从0（塞浦路斯）到4934（罗马尼亚，占所有阳性牛的90%）不等。在屠宰时检测到细粒棘球绦虫的可能性较低——基于确诊病例，我们假设在屠宰时的目视检查中仅10%的感染牛会被检测到。2007年，荷兰可能扑杀了542头感染牛（假设3个月以下的牛未被感染）。由于被批准供人类食用的牛的肺和肝可能被加工成狗粮，食用含有细粒棘球绦虫的狗粮的狗可能会被感染，进而感染人类。基于一个假设只有进口时年龄超过3个月的牛才构成风险的模型，2007年可能有23只狗接触到了细粒棘球绦虫。为降低进口细粒棘球绦虫的风险，应采取措施，如宣布罗马尼亚牛的肺和肝不适于人类食用，并禁止在狗粮中使用受感染的生肺和肝。
