Sánchez-Guzmán María Alejandra, Corona-Vázquez Teresa
Laboratorio de Violencia y Género, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México D.F., México.
Gac Med Mex. 2009 Jan-Feb;145(1):71-6.
The participation of women in higher education in Mexico took place in the late 19th and early 20th century. The rise of women's enrollment in universities known as the "feminization of enrollment" occurred in the last thirty years. In this review we analyze how the new conditions that facilitated better access to higher education are reflected in the inclusion of women in science. We include an overview of the issues associated with a change in the demographics of enrollment, segregation of academic areas between men and women and participation in post graduate degrees. We also review the proportion of women in science. While in higher education the ratio between male and women is almost 50-50 and in some areas the presence of women is even higher, in the field of scientific research women account for barely 30% of professionals. This is largely due to structural conditions that limit the access of women to higher positions of power that have been predominantly taken by men.
墨西哥女性参与高等教育始于19世纪末20世纪初。被称为“入学女性化”的大学女性入学率上升现象出现在过去三十年。在本综述中，我们分析了促进更好地接受高等教育的新条件如何体现在女性对科学的参与中。我们概述了与入学人口结构变化、男女学术领域隔离以及参与研究生学位相关的问题。我们还审视了女性在科学领域的占比情况。虽然在高等教育中男女比例几乎为50比50，在某些领域女性占比甚至更高，但在科研领域，女性仅占专业人员的30%。这在很大程度上是由于结构性条件限制了女性获得主要由男性占据的更高权力职位的机会。
