Opitz Donald L
DePaul University, School for New Learning, 1 East Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, Illinois 60604, USA.
Isis. 2013 Mar;104(1):30-62. doi: 10.1086/669882.
The founding of Britain's first horticultural college in 1889 advanced a scientific and coeducational response to three troubling national concerns: a major agricultural depression; the economic distress of single, unemployed women; and imperatives to develop the colonies. Buoyed by the technical instruction and women's movements, the Horticultural College and Produce Company, Limited, at Swanley, Kent, crystallized a transformation in the horticultural profession in which new science-based, formalized study threatened an earlier emphasis on practical apprenticeship training, with the effect of opening male-dominated trades to women practitioners. By 1903, the college closed its doors to male students, and new pathways were forged for women students interested in pursuing further scientific study. Resistance to the Horticultural College's model of science-based women's horticultural education positioned science and women as contested subjects throughout this period of horticulture's expansion in the academy.
1889年，英国第一所园艺学院的成立对三个困扰国家的问题做出了科学且男女同校的回应：严重的农业萧条；单身失业女性的经济困境；以及开发殖民地的迫切需求。在技术指导和妇女运动的推动下，位于肯特郡斯旺利的园艺学院及农产品有限公司促成了园艺行业的变革，在这一变革中，新的基于科学的正规学习对早期强调的实践学徒培训构成了威胁，其结果是向女性从业者开放了男性主导的行业。到1903年，该学院不再招收男学生，为有兴趣继续进行科学研究的女学生开辟了新途径。在园艺学在学术界扩张的这段时期，对园艺学院基于科学的女性园艺教育模式的抵制将科学和女性定位为有争议的主题。
