Chinchilla-Carmona Misael, Guerrero Bermúdez Olga Marta, Tamayo-Castillo Giselle, Appel Ana Sittenfeld, Jiménez-Somarribas Alberto, Valerio-Campos Idalia
Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Microbiologia, Universidad de Costa Rica 2060 San José, Costa Rica.
Rev Biol Trop. 2008 Jun;56(2):473-85.
Alcohol, hexane and dichlorometane extracts of 751 samples of Costa Rican arthropods were studied for the presence of antimalaric components. With Plasmodium berghei we set an in vitro model in which the effect of the extract was determined by staining of the parasites with cresil brilliant blue. Active extracts at concentration of 50 mg or less, were considered positive. Promissory extracts were found in the orders Lepidoptera (24.1%), Coleoptera (32.8%), Hemiptera (38.5%) and Polydesmida (81.3%). Since most of the Lepidoptera samples were in the immature stages, the relation with the host plant was analyzed. Cannaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Crisobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae and Caprifoliaceae were related with the Lepidoptera larvae, and an antimalaric effect has been reported in most of these families. In the orders Polydesmida, Opiliones and Blattodea, the extract from adults also had some important effect, probably because all of them fed on plants. Polydesmida and Opiliones have chemical substances that probably serve as defensive purposes; these chemicals could also have some antiparasitic effect. Therefore, the detection of antimalaric components in arthropod species led to the identification of plants with promissory antimalaric components.
对751份哥斯达黎加节肢动物样本的酒精、己烷和二氯甲烷提取物进行了抗疟成分研究。以伯氏疟原虫建立了体外模型，通过用甲酚煌焦油蓝对寄生虫进行染色来确定提取物的效果。浓度为50毫克或更低的活性提取物被视为阳性。在鳞翅目（24.1%）、鞘翅目（32.8%）、半翅目（38.5%）和地蜈蚣目（81.3%）中发现了有前景的提取物。由于大多数鳞翅目样本处于未成熟阶段，因此分析了它们与寄主植物的关系。美人蕉科、大风子科、可可李科、樟科、壳斗科、榆科、蔷薇科、菊科、茜草科、樟科和忍冬科与鳞翅目幼虫有关，并且在这些科中的大多数都有抗疟作用的报道。在地蜈蚣目、盲蛛目和蜚蠊目中，成虫的提取物也有一些重要作用，可能是因为它们都以植物为食。地蜈蚣目和盲蛛目含有可能用于防御目的的化学物质；这些化学物质也可能有一些抗寄生虫作用。因此，在节肢动物物种中检测到抗疟成分有助于识别具有潜在抗疟成分的植物。
