Liu Yi-Min, Li Xu-Dong, Li Yong-Sheng, Guo Xiao, Xiao Lv-Wu, Xiao Qi-Hua, He Guo-Quan, Wu Lin
Guangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention & Treatment Centre, Guangzhou 510620, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2008 Dec;26(12):721-4.
To observe the effect of environmental risk factors in occupational noise exposure on hearing loss and find out the susceptible population of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).
A case-control study was designed to study the effect of environmental risk factors on NIHL. 2400 workers exposed to 75 approximately 120 dB noises from an air conditioning factory in southern China served as the subjects. 202 workers were selected from 10% of population with the maximum hearing shift of the left ear to 3000 Hz noises as the NIHL susceptible group while 204 workers from 10% of population with the least hearing shift as the NIHL tolerant group. A questionnaire was designed to carry out an investigation, and an occupational health survey was used to identify the occupational risk factors which might affect the hearing system. The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to observe the effect of environmental risk factors on NIHL.
The results of univariate analysis showed that smoking, alcohol drinking, organic solvent, heavy metal, heat, dust were significantly was associated with NIHL (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only heat was associated with NIHL (P < 0.05), and OR value was 1.804 (95% CI: 1.101 approximately 2.958).
Exposure to heat may be a high risk factor of NIHL.
观察职业噪声暴露中的环境危险因素对听力损失的影响，并找出噪声性听力损失（NIHL）的易感人群。
设计一项病例对照研究，以研究环境危险因素对NIHL的影响。选取中国南方一家空调厂2400名暴露于约75至120分贝噪声的工人作为研究对象。从左耳对3000赫兹噪声听力偏移最大的人群中选取10%的202名工人作为NIHL易感组，从听力偏移最小的人群中选取10%的204名工人作为NIHL耐受组。设计一份问卷进行调查，并采用职业健康调查来确定可能影响听力系统的职业危险因素。采用单因素分析和多因素分析来观察环境危险因素对NIHL的影响。
单因素分析结果显示，吸烟、饮酒、有机溶剂、重金属、高温、粉尘与NIHL显著相关（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示，仅高温与NIHL相关（P<0.05），OR值为1.804（95%CI：1.101至2.958）。
暴露于高温可能是NIHL的一个高危因素。
