Ekschmitt Klemens, Korthals Gerard W
Justus Liebig University, IFZ - Department of Animal Ecology, H.-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Wageningen UR, Applied Plant Research - Arable Fanning and Field Production of Vegetables, PO Box 430, NL-8200 AK Lelystad, The Netherlands.
J Nematol. 2006 Mar;38(1):13-9.
Field and laboratory research has repeatedly shown that free-living soil nematodes differ in their sensitivity to soil pollution. In this paper, we analyze whether nematode genera proved sensitive or tolerant toward heavy metals and organic pollutants in six long-term field experiments. We discuss overlaps between nematode physiological responses to heavy metals and to organic pollutants, which may explain why nematodes can exhibit co-tolerance toward several contaminants. We propose a simple method for separating direct effects of soil contamination on nematode populations from indirect effects mediated through the food chain. Finally, we analyze the extent to which nematodes exhibited consistent responses across the experiments analyzed. Our results show that (a) indirect effects of pollution were generally strong; (b) fewer nematode genera were tolerant than sensitive; (c) many genera, including practically all Adenophorea, exhibited a common response pattern to contaminants; and (d) several genera of the Secernentea exhibited differential tolerance toward particular pollutants. We conclude that bioindication of soil contamination should preferentially be based on tolerant, and less on sensitive, nematodes. We provide a list of nematode genera that may potentially serve as differential bioindicators for specific soil contaminants.
野外和实验室研究反复表明，自由生活的土壤线虫对土壤污染的敏感性存在差异。在本文中，我们分析了在六个长期野外实验中，线虫属对重金属和有机污染物是表现出敏感还是耐受。我们讨论了线虫对重金属和有机污染物的生理反应之间的重叠，这可能解释了为什么线虫能够对几种污染物表现出共同耐受。我们提出了一种简单的方法，用于区分土壤污染对线虫种群的直接影响和通过食物链介导的间接影响。最后，我们分析了在所分析的实验中线虫表现出一致反应的程度。我们的结果表明：（a）污染的间接影响通常很强；（b）耐受的线虫属比敏感的少；（c）许多属，包括几乎所有的无尾感器纲，对污染物表现出共同的反应模式；（d）尾感器纲的几个属对特定污染物表现出不同的耐受性。我们得出结论，土壤污染的生物指示应优先基于耐受的线虫，而不是敏感的线虫。我们提供了一份线虫属的清单，这些属可能潜在地作为特定土壤污染物的差异生物指示物。
