Aursnes I
Institutt for farmakoterapi, Universitetet i Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1991 Aug 20;111(19):2440-2.
In order to exemplify the use of effect measures and confidence intervals in epidemiology, it is assumed that a group of patients treated with antiflogistic drugs were compared by repeated gastroscopy with a control group. The effect measures "incidence rate difference" and "incidence rate ratio" are used to compare ulcer incidence in the two groups of patients, and the corresponding confidence intervals are stated. On the other hand, if the registered parameter is prevalence rather than incidence rate, for instance the occurrence of prepyloric erosions at a certain time, the effect measures employed are "risk difference" and "risk ratio". An alternative to the latter is "odds ratio".
为了举例说明流行病学中效应测量指标和置信区间的应用，假设对一组使用抗炎药物治疗的患者与一个对照组进行重复胃镜检查对比。效应测量指标“发病率差值”和“发病率比”用于比较两组患者的溃疡发病率，并给出相应的置信区间。另一方面，如果所记录的参数是患病率而非发病率，例如某一时刻幽门前糜烂的发生情况，所采用的效应测量指标是“风险差值”和“风险比”。后者的一种替代指标是“比值比”。
