Beucher G, Benoist G, Dreyfus M
Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CHU de Caen, Caen, France.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2009 Mar;37(3):257-64. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2009.01.008. Epub 2009 Mar 5.
A first trimester miscarriage is most often painfully experienced by the patients. The practitioner should be able to offer appropriate, timely, efficient and safe medical management, allowing a shorter convalescence without effect on subsequent fertility. Each step of the process of the miscarriage results in clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics, and requires a specific therapeutic strategy. Vaginal ultrasound allows confirmation of early pregnancy failure (missed miscarriage) diagnosis and to estimate the complete or incomplete removal of trophoblastic material. However, the endometrial thickness does not appear to be predictive for the risk of persistent bleeding or secondary surgery. Surgical evacuation of the product of conception remains the most effective and the quickest method of treatment. Depending on the clinical situation, medical treatment with misoprostol (missed miscarriage) or expectative attitude (incomplete miscarriage) do not increase the risk of complications, particularly the infectious one. However, these alternatives generally require more prolonged outpatient follow-up leading to more frequent consultations and surgical emergencies.
孕早期流产往往会给患者带来痛苦的经历。从业者应能够提供适当、及时、高效且安全的医疗管理,使恢复期更短且不影响后续生育能力。流产过程的每一步都会产生临床和超声特征,并且需要特定的治疗策略。经阴道超声可用于确认早期妊娠失败(稽留流产)的诊断,并评估滋养层物质是否已完全或不完全清除。然而,子宫内膜厚度似乎无法预测持续出血或二次手术的风险。手术清除妊娠产物仍然是最有效、最快的治疗方法。根据临床情况,使用米索前列醇进行药物治疗(稽留流产)或采取期待疗法(不全流产)不会增加并发症风险,尤其是感染性并发症的风险。然而,这些替代方法通常需要更长时间的门诊随访,导致更频繁的会诊和手术急症。