Lindström Miia, Hinderink Katja, Somervuo Panu, Kiviniemi Katri, Nevas Mari, Chen Ying, Auvinen Petri, Carter Andrew T, Mason David R, Peck Michael W, Korkeala Hannu
Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014 Helsinki University, Finland.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 May;75(9):2643-51. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02557-08. Epub 2009 Mar 6.
Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of 32 Nordic group I Clostridium botulinum type B strains isolated from various sources revealed two homogeneous clusters, clusters BI and BII. The type B strains differed from reference strain ATCC 3502 by 413 coding sequence (CDS) probes, sharing 88% of all the ATCC 3502 genes represented on the microarray. The two Nordic type B clusters differed from each other by their response to 145 CDS probes related mainly to transport and binding, adaptive mechanisms, fatty acid biosynthesis, the cell membranes, bacteriophages, and transposon-related elements. The most prominent differences between the two clusters were related to resistance to toxic compounds frequently found in the environment, such as arsenic and cadmium, reflecting different adaptive responses in the evolution of the two clusters. Other relatively variable CDS groups were related to surface structures and the gram-positive cell wall, suggesting that the two clusters possess different antigenic properties. All the type B strains carried CDSs putatively related to capsule formation, which may play a role in adaptation to different environmental and clinical niches. Sequencing showed that representative strains of the two type B clusters both carried subtype B2 neurotoxin genes. As many of the type B strains studied have been isolated from foods or associated with botulism, it is expected that the two group I C. botulinum type B clusters present a public health hazard in Nordic countries. Knowing the genetic and physiological markers of these clusters will assist in targeting control measures against these pathogens.
对从不同来源分离出的32株北欧I群B型肉毒梭菌进行比较基因组杂交分析，发现了两个同质簇，即BI簇和BII簇。B型菌株与参考菌株ATCC 3502在413个编码序列（CDS）探针上存在差异，在微阵列上所代表的所有ATCC 3502基因中，二者共享88%。这两个北欧B型簇在对145个CDS探针的反应上彼此不同，这些探针主要与转运和结合、适应机制、脂肪酸生物合成、细胞膜、噬菌体以及转座子相关元件有关。两个簇之间最显著的差异与对环境中常见有毒化合物（如砷和镉）的抗性有关，这反映了两个簇在进化过程中的不同适应性反应。其他相对可变的CDS组与表面结构和革兰氏阳性细胞壁有关，表明这两个簇具有不同的抗原特性。所有B型菌株都携带可能与荚膜形成相关的CDS，这可能在适应不同的环境和临床生态位中发挥作用。测序表明，两个B型簇的代表性菌株都携带B2亚型神经毒素基因。由于所研究的许多B型菌株是从食品中分离出来的或与肉毒中毒有关，预计这两个I群B型肉毒梭菌簇在北欧国家构成公共卫生危害。了解这些簇的遗传和生理标记将有助于针对这些病原体制定控制措施。
