Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK.
Gut Health and Food Safety, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Sep 11;12(9):586. doi: 10.3390/toxins12090586.
Group I and are closely related bacteria responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A comparative genomic study with 556 highly diverse strains of Group I and (including 417 newly sequenced strains) has been carried out to characterise the genetic diversity and spread of these bacteria and their neurotoxin genes. Core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed two major lineages; Group I (most strains possessed botulinum neurotoxin gene(s) of types A, B and/or F) and (some strains possessed a type B botulinum neurotoxin gene). Both lineages contained strains responsible for foodborne, infant and wound botulism. A new cluster was identified that included five strains with a gene encoding botulinum neurotoxin sub-type B1. There was significant evidence of horizontal transfer of botulinum neurotoxin genes between distantly related bacteria. Population structure/diversity have been characterised, and novel associations discovered between whole genome lineage, botulinum neurotoxin sub-type variant, epidemiological links to foodborne, infant and wound botulism, and geographic origin. The impact of genomic and physiological variability on the botulism risk has been assessed. The genome sequences are a valuable resource for future research (e.g., pathogen biology, evolution of and its neurotoxin genes, improved pathogen detection and discrimination), and support enhanced risk assessments and the prevention of botulism.
I 组和 是密切相关的细菌，可导致食源性、婴儿和创伤性肉毒中毒。对 556 株高度多样化的 I 组 和 （包括 417 株新测序的菌株）进行了比较基因组研究，以描述这些细菌及其神经毒素基因的遗传多样性和传播。核心基因组单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分析显示存在两个主要谱系；I 组（大多数菌株具有 A、B 和/或 F 型的肉毒神经毒素基因）和 （一些菌株具有 B 型肉毒神经毒素基因）。这两个谱系都包含导致食源性、婴儿和创伤性肉毒中毒的菌株。鉴定出一个新的 簇，其中包括 5 株具有编码 B 型肉毒神经毒素亚型 B1 的基因的菌株。有证据表明，远缘细菌之间存在肉毒神经毒素基因的水平转移。已经对种群结构/多样性进行了特征描述，并发现了全基因组谱系、肉毒神经毒素亚型变体、与食源性、婴儿和创伤性肉毒中毒的流行病学联系以及地理起源之间的新关联。还评估了基因组和生理变异性对肉毒中毒风险的影响。基因组序列是未来研究（例如病原体生物学、 及其神经毒素基因的进化、改进病原体检测和鉴别）的宝贵资源，并支持增强风险评估和肉毒中毒的预防。
