Hannah Samuel D, Beneteau Jennifer L
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2009 Mar;63(1):59-73. doi: 10.1037/a0013403.
Active contingency tasks, such as those used to explore judgments of control, suffer from variability in the actual values of critical variables. The authors debut a new, easily implemented procedure that restores control over these variables to the experimenter simply by telling participants when to respond, and when to withhold responding. This command-performance procedure not only restores control over critical variables such as actual contingency, it also allows response frequency to be manipulated independently of contingency or outcome frequency. This yields the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of the equivalent of a cue density effect in an active contingency task. Judgments of control are biased by response frequency outcome frequency, just as they are also biased by outcome frequency.
主动偶然性任务，例如那些用于探究控制判断的任务，会受到关键变量实际值变化的影响。作者首次推出了一种新的、易于实施的程序，该程序只需告诉参与者何时做出反应以及何时不做出反应，就能将对这些变量的控制权交还给实验者。这种指令执行程序不仅恢复了对诸如实际偶然性等关键变量的控制，还允许独立于偶然性或结果频率来操纵反应频率。据我们所知，这首次证明了在主动偶然性任务中存在类似于线索密度效应的现象。控制判断会受到反应频率和结果频率的影响，就如同它们也会受到结果频率的影响一样。
