Yang Shu-Ju, Gallo David A, Beilock Sian L
Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Sep;35(5):1359-65. doi: 10.1037/a0016547.
It is well known that perceptual and conceptual fluency can influence episodic memory judgments. Here, the authors asked whether fluency arising from the motor system also impacts recognition memory. Past research has shown that the perception of letters automatically activates motor programs of typing actions in skilled typists. In this study, expert typists made more false recognition errors to letter dyads which would be easier or more fluent to type than nonfluent dyads, while no typing action was involved (Experiment 1). This effect was minimized with a secondary motor task that implicated the same fingers that would be used to type the presented dyads, but this effect remained with a noninterfering motor task (Experiment 2). Typing novices, as a comparison group, did not show fluency effects in recognition memory. These findings suggest that memory is influenced by covert simulation of actions associated with the items being judged-even when there is no intention to act-and highlight the intimate connections between higher level cognition and action.
众所周知，感知流畅性和概念流畅性会影响情景记忆判断。在此，作者们探讨了运动系统产生的流畅性是否也会影响识别记忆。过去的研究表明，在熟练打字员中，字母的感知会自动激活打字动作的运动程序。在本研究中，专业打字员对那些打字更容易或更流畅的字母组合，比不流畅的字母组合，做出了更多错误的识别错误，而实验中并未涉及打字动作（实验1）。通过一项涉及与呈现的字母组合相同手指的二级运动任务，这种效应被最小化，但在一项非干扰性运动任务中，这种效应仍然存在（实验2）。作为对照组的打字新手，在识别记忆中未表现出流畅性效应。这些发现表明，记忆会受到与被判断项目相关动作的隐蔽模拟的影响——即使没有行动意图——并突出了高级认知与行动之间的紧密联系。
