Walker G E
J Nematol. 1997 Jun;29(2):190-8.
A disease complex involving Meloidogyne incognita and Rhizoctonia solani was associated with stunting of grapevines in a field nursery. Nematode reproduction was occurring on both susceptible and resistant cultivars, and pot experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this M. incognita population, and of M. javanica and M. hapla populations, to V. vinifera cv. Colombard (susceptible) and to V. champinii cv. Ramsey (regarded locally as highly resistant). The virulence of R. solani isolates obtained from roots of diseased grapevines also was determined both alone and in combination with M. incognita. Ramsey was susceptible to M. incognita (reproduction ratio 9.8 to 18.4 in a shadehouse and heated glasshouse, respectively) but was resistant to M. javanica and M. hapla. Colombard was susceptible to M. incognita (reproduction ratio 24.3 and 41.3, respectively) and M. javanica. Shoot growth was suppressed (by 35%) by M. incognita and, to a lesser extent, by M. hapla. Colombard roots were more severely galled than Ramsey roots by all three species, and nematode reproduction was higher on Colombard. Isolates of R. solani assigned to putative anastomosis groups 2-1 and 4, and an unidentified isolate, colonized and induced rotting of grapevine roots. Ramsey was more susceptible to root rotting than Colombard. Shoot growth was inhibited by up to 15% by several AG 4 isolates and by 20% by the AG 2-1 isolate. AG 4 isolates varied in their virulence. Root rotting was higher when grapevines were inoculated with both M. incognita and R. solani and was highest when nematode inoculation preceded the fungus. Shoot weights were lower when vines were inoculated with the nematode 13 days before the fungus compared with inoculation with both the nematode and the fungus on the same day. It was concluded that both the M. incognita population and some R. solani isolates were virulent against both Colombard and Ramsey, and that measures to prevent spread in nursery stock were therefore important.
在一个田间苗圃中，一种涉及南方根结线虫和立枯丝核菌的复合病害与葡萄树发育不良有关。线虫在易感品种和抗性品种上均有繁殖，为此开展了盆栽试验，以确定该南方根结线虫种群以及爪哇根结线虫和北方根结线虫种群对酿酒葡萄品种“鸽笼白”（易感品种）和沙地葡萄品种“拉姆齐”（当地认为具有高抗性）的毒力。还分别单独以及与南方根结线虫共同测定了从患病葡萄树根部分离得到的立枯丝核菌菌株的毒力。“拉姆齐”对南方根结线虫易感（在遮荫棚和加温温室中的繁殖系数分别为9.8至18.4），但对爪哇根结线虫和北方根结线虫具有抗性。“鸽笼白”对南方根结线虫易感（繁殖系数分别为24.3和41.3），对爪哇根结线虫也易感。南方根结线虫抑制地上部生长（抑制35%），北方根结线虫对地上部生长的抑制作用较小。所有这三种线虫对“鸽笼白”根部的侵染比对“拉姆齐”根部的侵染严重得多，且在 “鸽笼白” 上的线虫繁殖量更高。归为假定融合群2-1和4的立枯丝核菌菌株以及一个未鉴定的菌株，定殖于葡萄树根并导致根部腐烂。“拉姆齐” 比 “鸽笼白” 更易发生根腐。几个AG 4菌株对地上部生长的抑制率高达15%，AG 2-1菌株对地上部生长的抑制率为20%。AG 4菌株的毒力各不相同。当葡萄树同时接种南方根结线虫和立枯丝核菌时，根腐情况更为严重，而当先接种线虫再接种真菌时，根腐最为严重。与线虫和真菌在同一天接种相比，在接种真菌前13天接种线虫时，葡萄树地上部重量更低。得出的结论是，南方根结线虫种群和一些立枯丝核菌菌株对“鸽笼白”和“拉姆齐”均具有毒力，因此采取措施防止其在苗木中传播非常重要。
