Downs W R, Rose S R
School of Social Work, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260.
Adolescence. 1991 Summer;26(102):473-92.
This study combined a treatment sample (n = 127) and a control sample (n = 114) of adolescents (ages 13-17) to investigate the relationship between adolescent peer groups and incidence of psychosocial problems. A content analysis resulted in four separate types of peer groups. The group with the lowest level of involvement in school activities was labeled by other adolescents in negative terms. An analysis of variance indicated that the least involved and most negatively labeled group generally had the most positive attitudes toward alcohol and drug use, the lowest levels of perceived harm due to alcohol and drug use, and the highest levels of alcohol abuse, drug use, delinquency, and depression. This group also had the lowest level of self-esteem, most external locus of control, least perceived access to occupational opportunities, and highest level of societal estrangement. The results are interpreted as providing support for both control and labeling theories. Implications for theory-based intervention are discussed.
本研究将一个青少年（13至17岁）治疗样本（n = 127）和一个对照样本（n = 114）相结合，以调查青少年同龄人群体与心理社会问题发生率之间的关系。内容分析得出了四种不同类型的同龄人群体。参与学校活动程度最低的群体被其他青少年用负面词汇来描述。方差分析表明，参与度最低且被负面评价最多的群体通常对酒精和药物使用持最积极的态度，对酒精和药物使用造成的危害感知水平最低，酒精滥用、药物使用、犯罪和抑郁水平最高。该群体的自尊水平也最低，外部控制点最多，对职业机会的感知获取最少，社会疏离感最高。研究结果被解释为为控制理论和标签理论都提供了支持。并讨论了基于理论的干预措施的意义。
