Riegel C, Fernandez F A, Noe J P
J Nematol. 1996 Sep;28(3):369-78.
The effects of chicken litter on Meloidogyne incognita in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum cv. DPL50 were determined in field microplots. Litters (manure and pine-shaving bedding) from a research facility and a commercial broiler house were used. Treatments consisted of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% litter by dry weight of soil for each kind of litter. Three control treatments consisted of soil not amended with litter, with and without nematodes, and one treatment to which mineral fertilizer was added at a nitrogen rate equivalent to that of the 0.5% litter rate, with nematodes. Microplots were inoculated at planting with 900 eggs/100 cm(3) soil in 1993 and 1,000 eggs/100 cm(3) soil in 1994. At 92 and 184 days after planting, nematode population densities decreased linearly with increasing rates of litter. Nematode numbers at midseason were larger in plots treated with mineral fertilizer than in plots treated with a rate of litter equivalent to the 0.5% rate. Fungal and bacterial population densities fluctuated throughout the growing season. Bacterial numbers had a positive linear relationship, with increasing rates of litter only in October 1993; however, significant positive relationships were observed throughout the 1994 growing season. In 1994, nematode population density at 92 days after planting decreased linearly with increasing bacterial numbers 30 days after planting. No other significant relationships between nematode densities and microbial densities were observed. Fungi and bacteria isolated from the litter and litter-amended soil were identified. Fungal genera isolated included Acremonium, Aspergillus, Eurotium, Paecilomyces, Petriella, and Scopulariopsis, whereas bacteria genera included Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonus.
在田间微型小区中测定了鸡粪对棉花（陆地棉品种DPL50）根结线虫的影响。使用了来自一个研究机构和一个商业肉鸡舍的粪便（鸡粪和松木刨花垫料）。每种粪便的处理包括按土壤干重计0.25%、0.5%和1%的粪便添加量。三个对照处理分别为不添加粪便的土壤（有和没有线虫），以及一个添加了氮肥量与0.5%粪便添加量相当的矿物肥料且有线虫的处理。微型小区在1993年种植时每100立方厘米土壤接种900个卵，1994年每100立方厘米土壤接种1000个卵。种植后92天和184天，线虫种群密度随粪便添加量的增加呈线性下降。生长季中期，施用矿物肥料的小区中线虫数量比施用相当于0.5%添加量粪便的小区多。真菌和细菌种群密度在整个生长季都有波动。细菌数量仅在1993年10月与粪便添加量增加呈正线性关系；然而，在1994年整个生长季都观察到显著的正相关关系。1994年，种植后92天的线虫种群密度随种植后30天细菌数量的增加呈线性下降。未观察到线虫密度与微生物密度之间的其他显著关系。对从粪便和添加粪便的土壤中分离出的真菌和细菌进行了鉴定。分离出的真菌属包括顶孢霉属、曲霉属、散囊菌属、拟青霉属、皮氏霉属和帚霉属，而细菌属包括节杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。
