Leyk D, Erley O, Gorges W, Ridder D, Rüther T, Wunderlich M, Sievert A, Essfeld D, Piekarski C, Erren T
Department of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Colgone, Cologne, Germany.
Int J Sports Med. 2009 May;30(5):360-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1105935. Epub 2009 Mar 10.
Successful finishing of marathon requires regular endurance training and appropriate lifestyle. Thus, marathon running times and training data from large samples of physically active and fit elderly are ideal for the assessment of age-related performance. In the present study we analyzed 439 278 running times from result lists of 108 marathon competitions and data from a survey via internet questionnaire about training and behavioural factors of marathon finishers. Marathon times and 6 992 data sets from the internet questionnaire were separated into groups based on age and sex and analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Our main findings are that 1) there are virtually no relevant running time differences (p<0.01) in marathon finishers from 20 to 55 years and 2) the majority of middle-aged and elderly athletes have training histories of less than seven years of running. With the exception of marathon running times we did not encounter any significant gender related differences (p>0.01). The present findings strengthen the concept that considers aging as a biological process that can be considerably speeded up or slowed down by multiple lifestyle related factors.
成功跑完马拉松需要定期进行耐力训练和拥有适当的生活方式。因此，来自大量身体活跃且健康的老年人的马拉松跑步时间和训练数据，对于评估与年龄相关的运动表现来说是理想的。在本研究中，我们分析了108场马拉松比赛成绩列表中的439278个跑步时间，以及通过互联网问卷对马拉松完赛者的训练和行为因素进行调查得到的数据。马拉松时间和来自互联网问卷的6992个数据集按年龄和性别分组，并通过双向方差分析进行分析。我们的主要发现是：1）20至55岁的马拉松完赛者之间几乎没有相关的跑步时间差异（p<0.01）；2）大多数中年和老年运动员的跑步训练历史少于七年。除马拉松跑步时间外，我们未发现任何与性别相关的显著差异（p>0.01）。本研究结果强化了这样一种观念，即认为衰老作为一个生物学过程，会受到多种与生活方式相关的因素的显著加速或减缓。
