Cares J E, Baldwin J G
J Nematol. 1994 Dec;26(4):375-83.
Fine structure of developing sperm of the monospecific genus, Ekphymatodera, was compared with other Heteroderinae as part of a study to recognize diversity and phylogenetically informative characters within the subfamily. Sperm of Ekphymatodera originate from germ cells connected to a central rachis, a character which is shared with Globodera, but not with other Heteoderinae. In Ekphymatodera, and cyst-forming genera, a layer of cortical microtubules lies just beneath the surface of the plasma membrane. Sperm of Ekphymatodera are unique among Heteroderinae examined by the presence of spiral surface elevations on the filopodia, a character that may prove to be a synapomorphy for Sarisoderini. Fibrous bodies are abundant in spermatids; however, they do not persist in sperm of Ekphymatodera as they do in Meloidodera and Verutus. The male gonad of Ekphymatodera is lined by epithelial cells, which are greatly enlarged near the ejaculatory canal. These enlarged cells contain vesicles with concentric lamellar inclusions, not observed in other genera of the subfamily. Sperm of Heteroderinae are rich in diversity, and examination of additional representative species may indicate new phylogenetically informative characters.
作为识别异皮线虫亚科内多样性和系统发育信息特征研究的一部分，对单种属埃氏滑刃线虫发育精子的精细结构与其他异皮线虫亚科进行了比较。埃氏滑刃线虫的精子起源于与中央轴相连的生殖细胞，这一特征与球孢线虫共有，但与其他异皮线虫亚科不同。在埃氏滑刃线虫以及形成孢囊的属中，一层皮质微管位于质膜表面下方。在所研究的异皮线虫亚科中，埃氏滑刃线虫的精子独特之处在于其丝状伪足上存在螺旋状表面隆起，这一特征可能是细齿滑刃线虫族的共衍征。纤维体在精子细胞中丰富存在；然而，它们在埃氏滑刃线虫的精子中并不像在短体线虫属和维鲁线虫属中那样持续存在。埃氏滑刃线虫的雄性性腺由上皮细胞排列而成，这些上皮细胞在射精管附近大幅增大。这些增大的细胞含有具有同心层状内含物的小泡，在该亚科的其他属中未观察到。异皮线虫亚科的精子具有丰富的多样性，对更多代表性物种的研究可能会揭示新的系统发育信息特征。
