Gibicar Darija, Horvat Milena, Logar Martina, Fajon Vesna, Falnoga Ingrid, Ferrara Romano, Lanzillotta Enrica, Ceccarini Claudia, Mazzolai Barbara, Denby Bruce, Pacyna Jozef
Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
Environ Res. 2009 May;109(4):355-67. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.01.008. Epub 2009 Mar 14.
The main objectives of our study were to estimate the impact of a mercury cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) complex in Rosignano Solvay (Tuscany, Italy) on the local environment and to assess mercury exposure of inhabitants living near the plant. Measurement campaigns of atmospheric Hg near the MCCA plant showed that the impact of the emitted Hg from the industry on the terrestrial environment is restricted to a close surrounding area. Total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air of inhabited area around the MCCA plant were in the range of 8.0-8.7 ng/m3 in summer and 2.8-4.2 ng/m3 in winter. Peaks of up to 100 ng/m3 were observed at particular meteorological conditions. Background levels of 2 ng/m3 were reached within a radius of 3 km from the plant. Reactive gaseous mercury emissions from the plant constituted around 4.2% of total gaseous mercury and total particulate mercury emission constituted around 1.0% of total gaseous mercury emitted. Analysis of local vegetables and soil samples showed relatively low concentrations of total mercury (30.1-2919 microgHg/kg DW in the soil; <0.05-111 microgHg/kg DW in vegetables) and methylmercury (0.02-3.88 microgHg/kg DW in the soil; 0.03-1.18 microgHg/kg DW in vegetables). Locally caught marine fish and fresh marine fish from the local market had concentrations of total Hg from 0.049 to 2.48 microgHg/g FW, of which 37-100% were in the form of methylmercury. 19% of analysed fish exceeded 1.0 microgHg/g FW level, which is a limit set by the European Union law on Hg concentrations in edible marine species for tuna, swordfish and shark, while 39% of analysed fish exceeded the limit of 0.5 microgHg/g FW set for all other edible marine species. Risk assessment performed by calculating ratio of probable daily intake (PDI) and provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for mercury species for various exposure pathways showed no risks to human health for elemental and inorganic mercury, except for some individuals with higher number of amalgam fillings, while PDI/PTDI ratio for methylmercury and total mercury exceeded the toxicologically tolerable value due to the potential consumption of contaminated marine fish.
我们研究的主要目标是评估意大利托斯卡纳大区罗西尼亚诺索尔维的一家汞电池氯碱（MCCA）工厂对当地环境的影响，并评估该厂附近居民的汞暴露情况。对MCCA工厂附近大气汞的监测活动表明，该行业排放的汞对陆地环境的影响仅限于紧邻的周边区域。MCCA工厂周边居民区环境空气中的总气态汞浓度夏季在8.0 - 8.7纳克/立方米范围内，冬季在2.8 - 4.2纳克/立方米范围内。在特定气象条件下观测到高达100纳克/立方米的峰值。在距工厂3公里半径范围内达到了2纳克/立方米的背景水平。该工厂排放的活性气态汞约占总气态汞的4.2%，总颗粒汞排放约占总气态汞排放的1.0%。对当地蔬菜和土壤样本的分析显示，总汞浓度相对较低（土壤中为30.1 - 2919微克汞/千克干重；蔬菜中为<0.05 - 111微克汞/千克干重），甲基汞浓度也较低（土壤中为0.02 - 3.88微克汞/千克干重；蔬菜中为0.03 - 1.18微克汞/千克干重）。当地捕获的海鱼和当地市场上的新鲜海鱼总汞浓度为0.049至2.48微克汞/克鲜重，其中37% - 100%为甲基汞形式。19%的分析鱼超过了1.0微克汞/克鲜重的水平，这是欧盟关于食用海洋物种汞浓度的法律为金枪鱼、剑鱼和鲨鱼设定的限值，而39%的分析鱼超过了为所有其他食用海洋物种设定的0.5微克汞/克鲜重的限值。通过计算各种暴露途径中汞物种的可能每日摄入量（PDI）与暂定每日耐受摄入量（PTDI）的比值进行的风险评估表明，除了一些汞合金填充物数量较多的个体外，元素汞和无机汞对人体健康没有风险，而由于可能食用受污染的海鱼，甲基汞和总汞的PDI/PTDI比值超过了毒理学上可耐受的值。
