Diabetes Center, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Mol Immunol. 2009 Nov;47(1):8-11. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.02.023. Epub 2009 Mar 14.
T and NK cell subsets play a crucial role in the immune surveillance designed to fend off dangerous pathogens while leaving endogenous cells untouched. However, occasionally T cells do initiate an attack against self and are therefore termed autoreactive. Moreover, both NK and T cells can be stimulated by danger signals released by cells under "stress", i.e. infection, ongoing necrotic cell death, etc. Consequently, the inappropriate triggering of danger signals, or a failure to switch these off once the immune response has been resolved, can have serious consequences for the host. Ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D (natural killer group 2 member D) are such key danger signals that are presented by "stressed" cells. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on NKG2D and its ligands in the context of autoimmune diseases and immune-mediated diseases that inadvertently target endogenous cells and/or tissue.
T 细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞亚群在免疫监视中发挥着关键作用，旨在抵御危险的病原体，同时不影响内源性细胞。然而，T 细胞偶尔也会针对自身发起攻击，因此被称为自身反应性。此外，NK 细胞和 T 细胞都可以被“应激”细胞释放的危险信号所刺激，例如感染、持续的坏死细胞死亡等。因此，危险信号的不当触发，或者一旦免疫反应得到解决就无法将其关闭，可能会对宿主造成严重后果。激活受体 NKG2D（自然杀伤组 2 成员 D）的配体就是这样的关键危险信号，由“应激”细胞呈递。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 NKG2D 及其配体在自身免疫性疾病和免疫介导性疾病中的最新知识，这些疾病无意中靶向内源性细胞和/或组织。
