Lembright H W
J Nematol. 1990 Oct;22(4S):632-44.
The principal soil fumigants and their order of discovery are carbon disulfide, chloropicrin, methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, ethylene dibromide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, and methyl isothiocyanate. Biological activity of soil fumigants ranges from limited to broad spectrum. Fumigants diffuse through the continuous soil air space as gases. Physical and chemical characteristics determine diffusion rates, distribution between the soil air and moisture, and sorption onto and into the soil particles. The principal soil factors affecting the efficacy of each treatment are the size and continuity of air space, moisture, temperature, organic matter, and depth of placement. Application can be made overall with tractor injection or plow-sole, or as a row or bed treatment. Treatment for trees is best made in conjunction with tree site backhoeing.
主要的土壤熏蒸剂及其发现顺序为二硫化碳、氯化苦、溴甲烷、1,3 - 二氯丙烯、二溴乙烷、1,2 - 二溴 - 3 - 氯丙烷和甲基异硫氰酸酯。土壤熏蒸剂的生物活性范围从有限到广谱。熏蒸剂以气体形式在连续的土壤空气空间中扩散。物理和化学特性决定了扩散速率、在土壤空气和水分之间的分布以及在土壤颗粒上的吸附和进入情况。影响每种处理效果的主要土壤因素是空气空间的大小和连续性、湿度、温度、有机质以及施药深度。可以通过拖拉机注射或犁底进行全面施药，也可以进行条施或苗床处理。树木处理最好与树穴挖掘同时进行。
