A randomized, controlled comparison of isoetharine and albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma.

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To determine whether treatment of acute asthma with repeated doses of nebulized albuterol leads to greater bronchodilation and lower hospital admission rate than treatment with nebulized isoetharine.

DESIGN

Randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial of albuterol and isoetharine.

TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS

Patients between 18 and 50 years old presenting with acute asthma. Patients were excluded if they had a history of sensitivity to the study drugs, had congestive heart failure or chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease, or were unable to perform spirometry. One hundred three patients were entered into the study.

INTERVENTIONS

All patients received oxygen and methylprednisolone in addition to administration of either isoetharine or albuterol. The nebulized aerosol was given at hourly intervals for a total of three doses.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

Spirometry was performed before treatment and again at 90 and 180 minutes. Initial forced expiratory volume at one minute (FEV1) was 38.1% of predicted normal for the albuterol group and 36.0% of predicted normal for the isoetharine group. At 180 minutes, FEV1 was 55.6% of predicted normal for the albuterol group and 57.1% of predicted for the isoetharine group (NS). Twenty-eight percent of the albuterol group required admission compared with 26% of the isoetharine group (NS). There was no difference in occurrence of side effects between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

Repeated doses of albuterol do not lead to a greater improvement in pulmonary function or a lower hospital admission rate than treatment with isoetharine.