Hobfoll S E, Spielberger C D, Breznitz S, Figley C, Folkman S, Lepper-Green B, Meichenbaum D, Milgram N A, Sandler I, Sarason I
Applied Psychology Center, Kent State University, OH 44242.
Am Psychol. 1991 Aug;46(8):848-55. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.46.8.848.
A task force on war-related stress was convened to develop strategies for prevention and treatment of psychological, psychosocial, and psychosomatic disorders associated with the Persian Gulf War and other extreme stressors facing communities in general. The task force focused on the return home, reunion, and reintegration of service personnel with their families and work. Although the Persian Gulf War was won with relative ease, negative psychological sequelae may develop in some individuals because of the stress of war, family disruption, financial difficulty, and changes in family routines. Typical stress reactions and modes of coping that are usually unsuccessful or destructive were outlined, and suggestions were made for monitoring these. In addition, guidelines for successful coping were developed. Special attention was given to children's reactions and needs. Recommendations were made for outreach and intervention on the policy, systems (e.g., schools, businesses, governmental agencies), family, and individual levels.
一个与战争相关压力问题特别工作组被召集起来，以制定预防和治疗与海湾战争以及社区普遍面临的其他极端压力源相关的心理、心理社会和身心障碍的策略。该特别工作组关注军人返回家园、与家人团聚以及重新融入工作和家庭生活。尽管海湾战争相对轻松地取得了胜利，但由于战争压力、家庭破裂、经济困难以及家庭日常生活的变化，一些人可能会出现负面心理后遗症。文中概述了通常不成功或具有破坏性的典型应激反应和应对方式，并提出了对这些反应进行监测的建议。此外，还制定了成功应对的指导方针。特别关注了儿童的反应和需求。在政策、系统（如学校、企业、政府机构）、家庭和个人层面提出了开展外展服务和干预的建议。
