Solomon Z, Benbenishty R, Mikulincer M
Department of Mental Health, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1988 May;27(2):125-35. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00760.x.
A sample of 104 Israeli soldiers diagnosed as suffering from combat stress reactions (CSR) ('battle shock') during the 1982 Lebanon War were examined by mental health clinicians a year after the war. The clinicians assessed (a) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as defined in the DSM-III (1980), (b) associated psychological symptoms (somatization, anxiety, and depression), and (c) disturbances in post-war functioning. The clinicians collected background information on sociodemographic characteristics, premilitary and military adjustment, combat experiences, and the extent of the CSR episode. The analysis indicated that PTSD could be predicted fairly well by the extent of the CSR episode and specific combat experiences, while the psychological symptoms were predicted mainly by combat experiences, and post-war functioning was predicted mainly by pre-war factors. The implication of combat experiences and soldiers' immediate reactions during combat in the genesis of subsequent PTSD is discussed. The multifaceted nature of war-related psychological sequelae is delineated.
1982年黎巴嫩战争期间，104名被诊断患有战斗应激反应（CSR，即“战争休克”）的以色列士兵样本在战后一年接受了心理健康临床医生的检查。临床医生评估了：（a）《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版》（1980年）所定义的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）；（b）相关的心理症状（躯体化、焦虑和抑郁）；以及（c）战后功能障碍。临床医生收集了关于社会人口学特征、入伍前和军队适应情况、战斗经历以及CSR发作程度的背景信息。分析表明，PTSD可以通过CSR发作程度和特定战斗经历较好地预测，而心理症状主要由战斗经历预测，战后功能主要由战前因素预测。文中讨论了战斗经历和士兵在战斗中的即时反应在后续PTSD发生过程中的影响。阐述了与战争相关的心理后遗症的多面性。
