Naidoo Sudeshni, Sheiham Aubrey, Tsakos Georgios
Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg, South Africa.
Dent Traumatol. 2009 Apr;25(2):224-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00749.x.
Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are common in children. There are few data on prevalence of TDI in South African populations. We assessed the prevalence and causes of TDI to anterior teeth in 11- to 13-year-old South African schoolchildren through a cross-sectional study, using a random cluster sampling method. Oral examinations were performed by calibrated examiners following training for TDI to anterior permanent incisor teeth (eight teeth) using a modified version of Ellis's classification. Of the study population of 2610 children aged 11-13 years old from 26 primary schools, 1665 children participated. The response rate was 64%. More than two-thirds (64.4%) were 12 years old. One hundred and six children had a TDI (6.4%). After adjusting for the effect of age and socio-economic status, boys had an almost 2.5 (95% CI: 1.59, 3.69) times higher probability of having a traumatic dental injury than girls. The highest prevalence was in 12 year olds and in the high socio-economic status group. Most of the children had trauma to one tooth. Enamel fracture was the main type of TDI (69.1%). The majority of the TDIs were untreated (85.4%). Homes and schools were the most common places where TDIs occurred, while only 5.7% occurred on a street, road or pavement. Falls were the main cause of TDIs. Sport was the second most common cause and the third most common cause was collision with objects. The present study indicates that the prevalence of TDIs in schoolchildren is not as high as has been reported in other countries. The prevalence of TDIs in this population was relatively low.
创伤性牙损伤（TDI）在儿童中很常见。关于南非人群中TDI患病率的数据很少。我们通过横断面研究，采用随机整群抽样方法，评估了11至13岁南非学童前牙TDI的患病率及病因。由经过TDI培训的校准检查人员，使用改良版埃利斯分类法对前恒牙切牙（8颗牙齿）进行口腔检查。在来自26所小学的2610名11至13岁的研究人群中，1665名儿童参与了研究。应答率为64%。超过三分之二（64.4%）的儿童为12岁。106名儿童患有TDI（6.4%）。在调整年龄和社会经济地位的影响后，男孩发生创伤性牙损伤的概率几乎是女孩的2.5倍（95%可信区间：1.59，3.69）。患病率最高的是12岁儿童和社会经济地位高的群体。大多数儿童有一颗牙齿受到创伤。釉质骨折是TDI的主要类型（69.1%）。大多数TDI未得到治疗（85.4%）。家庭和学校是TDI最常见的发生场所，而只有5.7%发生在街道、道路或人行道上。跌倒为TDI的主要原因。运动是第二常见原因，第三常见原因是与物体碰撞。本研究表明，学童中TDI的患病率并不像其他国家报道的那么高。该人群中TDI的患病率相对较低。
