Arsanious Androu, Bjarnason Georg A, Yousef George M
Department of Laboratory Medicine, and the Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Canada.
Mol Cancer. 2009 Mar 17;8:20. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-20.
Among the adult population, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) constitutes the most prevalent form of kidney neoplasm. Unfortunately, RCC is relatively asymptomatic and there are no tumor markers available for diagnostic, prognostic or predictive purposes. Molecular profiling, the global analysis of gene and protein expression profiles, is an emerging promising tool for new biomarker identification in RCC. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on RCC regarding clinical presentation, treatment options, and tumor marker status. We present a general overview of the more commonly used approaches for molecular profiling at the genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels. We also highlight the emerging role of molecular profiling as not only revolutionizing the process of new tumor marker discovery, but also for providing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of RCC that will pave the way towards new targeted therapy discovery. Furthermore, we discuss the spectrum of clinical applications of molecular profiling in RCC in the current literature. Finally, we highlight some of the potential challenging that faces the era of molecular profiling and its transition into clinical practice, and provide an insight about the future perspectives of molecular profiling in RCC.
在成年人群中，肾细胞癌（RCC）是最常见的肾脏肿瘤形式。不幸的是，RCC相对无症状，且没有可用于诊断、预后或预测目的的肿瘤标志物。分子谱分析，即对基因和蛋白质表达谱的全面分析，是一种新兴的、有前景的工具，可用于在RCC中鉴定新的生物标志物。在本综述中，我们总结了关于RCC的临床表现、治疗选择和肿瘤标志物状态的现有知识。我们概述了在基因组、转录组和蛋白质组水平上更常用的分子谱分析方法。我们还强调了分子谱分析的新兴作用，它不仅彻底改变了新肿瘤标志物的发现过程，还能更好地理解RCC的发病机制，为新的靶向治疗发现铺平道路。此外，我们讨论了当前文献中分子谱分析在RCC中的临床应用范围。最后，我们强调了分子谱分析时代及其向临床实践转变所面临的一些潜在挑战，并对RCC中分子谱分析的未来前景提供了见解。
