Othman A A, Baldwin J G
J Nematol. 1985 Jul;17(3):297-309.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of second-stage juveniles (J2), males, and females of Meloidodera floridensis, M. charis, M. belli, and Verutus volvingentis reveals detailed characteristics of the head region, lateral field, phasmid, body striae, vulva, and perineal region. In M. charis and M. belli the en face pattern conforms to a basic pattern in which the labial disc is surrounded by six lips (sectors) of the first head annulation. In J2 the head has additional annulations, whereas in males annulation is replaced by longitudinal blocks. Conversely, J2 and males of M. floridensis and V. volvingentis each have a unique derived face pattern with fusion of various lip components and with head annulation. All six lips of females of M. charis and M. belli are fused, whereas females of M. floridensis and V. volvingentis have distinct lateral lips. Lateral fields vary among species, with only slight differences at the anterior and posterior ends of the lateral lines and in the spatial relation of the lines to phasmid openings. Phasmid openings are present in adults of Meloidodera spp., but were not observed in adults of V. volvingentis; in this respect, the female perineal pattern of Verutus is different from Meloidodera spp, The very large vulva (+/- 48 mum long) of V. volvingentis is in sharp contrast to the minute vulva (+/- 6 mum long) in a population of M. charis from San Bernardino. Morphological characters revealed by SEM will be most informative when investigated throughout Heteroderidae and incorporated with additional characters for a phylogenetic analysis of the family.
对佛罗里达短体线虫、查氏短体线虫、贝利短体线虫和缠绕弗鲁线虫的二期幼虫（J2）、雄虫和雌虫进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察，揭示了头部区域、侧区、尾感器、体表条纹、阴门和会阴区的详细特征。在查氏短体线虫和贝利短体线虫中，正面模式符合一种基本模式，即唇盘被头部第一环纹的六个唇（扇区）包围。在J2中，头部有额外的环纹，而在雄虫中，环纹被纵向块所取代。相反，佛罗里达短体线虫和缠绕弗鲁线虫的J2和雄虫各自具有独特的衍生面部模式，各种唇部成分融合且有头部环纹。查氏短体线虫和贝利短体线虫雌虫的所有六个唇都融合在一起，而佛罗里达短体线虫和缠绕弗鲁线虫的雌虫有明显的侧唇。不同物种的侧区有所不同，仅在侧线的前端和后端以及线与尾感器开口的空间关系上有细微差异。尾感器开口存在于短体线虫属的成虫中，但在缠绕弗鲁线虫的成虫中未观察到；在这方面，弗鲁线虫的雌虫会阴模式与短体线虫属不同。缠绕弗鲁线虫非常大的阴门（约48微米长）与来自圣贝纳迪诺的查氏短体线虫种群中的微小阴门（约6微米长）形成鲜明对比。当在整个异皮科中进行研究并结合其他特征进行该科的系统发育分析时，扫描电子显微镜揭示的形态特征将提供最多信息。
